Magic christmas time is approaching. Waiting for the wonderful Christmas tree, the fulfillment of desires, a sense of a special, unique holiday ... In our children's - Master of Christmas wonders Alexander Gref, artistic director of the stray puppet theater "Vertpets".
Give your child for Christmas what is best in the world - theater! And not a simple theater, but the most beautiful, the most mysterious and most ancient - puppet vertel!
Imagine that we look in the window of a small house: in the depths of the scene of the cradle, the bending of the Most Holy Mother of God and the Holy Joseph, the Donkey and the WHE warmed the baby with breath ... smoothly, like a miraculous way, the angel floats on an extercantzen and hurts joyful news! .. Shepherds And the Magi is bowed to the baby ... Candle lights, hesitated by the silent breathing of viewers; In uneven shadows, simple dolls come to life - and a miracle is happening! No one will say that this is a fairy tale. So it was, that's how it was!
Wonderful, this action lives in Russia more than two hundred years. They played him on the shinties from Christmas to baptism throughout the Christian world. The tops played for themselves and their neighbors, moving from home to the house, repeating the game with songs and carols.
The tapered boxes in the old days were made very large: in two, even three floors, with complex decorations - and also stored as relics for many years. In them, dolls were controlled from below, through special cracks at the bottom of the box. Later, one-story burdens appeared, made easier, from the primary materials - maybe they were not intended for long-term storage and every year they were re-made. They drove dolls in them from above, with a rod.
The text of the vertex action was transmitted from the mouth to the payment with the additions and abbreviations, and languages \u200b\u200band customs and customs in it were woven. But as the roads thrill and drinks, with whom our ancestors belonged to Christmas history! No one occurred to the text in the mouth Blessed Virgin Mary or baby of Christ. Christmas scene - painting, icon, sign. She sanctifies all the action. We know the drawn scenes with the Holy Family, we know the performed in the dolls - people created them who, as he knew how to strengthen their love. If you decide to make a two-story pearl, the holy family should be placed at the top, in one-storey vertepe - to the right of the scene (left for viewers). The symbolism of the vertex act is simple and strict: at the top (right) - paradise, downstairs (left) - hell. Never living in paradise - Holy Family, Angels, Shepherds, Magnia - do not go down; Never inhabitants of hell - hell, death, king Herod, his army - do not rise up.
It is wonderful to cook the vertex to everyone together, the whole family and to show the smallest in Christmas. You can - and you need! - Play every Christmas, and therefore the action of the year from year can be more complicated.
Vertips: Scenario for Children
- An image of a holy family, shepherds, nursery, animals that look into the windows - in general, the image of a christmas verte. Against the background of the verta, the first scene of the angel's phenomenon, hearing the good news. It is repeated at the end of the action when Ignoring the Bethlehem Star.
- Domestic rest of the Palace of Herod. May be simply drawn on the back. The royal palace is denoted by the throne, which has or on which King Herod sits. Tsar Herod calls for warriors and orders to go to Bethlehem - kill all boys, "Bulk First Pelenters". "We walked in Bethlehem," the warriors respond, "the babies beat, but one Rachel does not give his child to kill."
Rachel with a baby in his arms and asks King mercy. The terrible king tells the "beat" and that, as it seems to him, the last infant. For there can not know the king of earthly, that those whom he is looking for, inhibit under the cover of the night in Egypt. The warrior leans and pierces the baby's spear on his hands Rachel. Oh God! Horror! Horror! .. cries Rachel. Angel comes out and comforts it: "Do not cry, Rachel, your child in the sky, at the King of Heaven in his hands!".
All go.
Herod covers cruel fear, and he is trying to justify his atrocity with necessity. But it was not there! It is death with a mow. "It's time for you, Herod, go to hell!" - she exclaims and cuts off with a trembling king. The devil pops up with terrible noise and prevents Herod to hell! Horror, silence and emptiness ...
But what is it? We hear silent singing. This is an angel of heavenly famous saved Christ! The shepherds come out again with lambs to bow to the Holy Family. Evil Varudy, joy returns to the world! Candles fell on stage, and the Bethlehem star lights up quietly. Guide star of hope and faith! ..
All the revolving action lasts from 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the text and musical accompaniment.
Adapted text of the revolt drama (by recording N. Vinogradova)
Phenomenon 1.
Angel comes out of the right door and goes to a cave with singing.
Angel
. Devo fit of the premiecious boring
And the land of the Vertpec to the Unpaulous brings,
Angels are alone with shepherds,
Widescame with the star travel,
We bo
Death of Mlada, the Human God.
Angel worships and leaves.
Phenomenon 2.
The yield of three kings.
Kary.
. Highland Three kari.
To Christ with the gift
Herod to them forever
Where go, asking.
Go to born
We go bow.
We go bow down
Before king come
She worship
Before king, I'll give up
Where Christ is born,
There is a star here;
Star gets wonderful
From the east to noon.
Phenomenon 3.
Going to them angel.
Angel
. Go otherwise
Do not go to Irod:
Herod confuses
Magi convenes
Babies beat.
Kary.
. Highland Three kari.
To their countries
Christ Slavor,
Tea in the sky of life
Forever pram.
The kings and an angel go.
Phenomenon 4.
King Herod comes out, sits on the royal throne.
Herod
. Az Yesh King,
Who can me do?
Send your warriors
Bethlehemskia countries
Beat babes
Bulk firstborn.
(Rises on the throne with a loud talk.)
My warriors, warriors,
Warriors armed
Stand before me.
Phenomenon 5.
Warriors enter and become in front of the royal throne.
Mail, king, call us,
What do we command?
Herod
. Flight to Bethlehem countries,
Load all babies
Bulk firstborn.
Your royal majesty
We went to Bethlehem countries,
Beat all babies,
Bulk firstborn.
One Mrs. Rakhil
Does not give your chad to kill
And wants to go
To your grace ask.
Herod
. Who is she?
Bring her here!
We go and give!
Warriors leave.
Phenomenon 6.
Warrior leads Rachel to King Irod. Rachel falls on his knees and crying.
Rachel
. Oh, king,
Great sovereign!
Merry my chado-deit,
So that there is no something in the next game!
Herod
. Warrior, take him and kill
So that there is no more soul and the body of mourn.
Rachel . Tsar, merry my child!
Herod . Warrior, take and kill him!
The warrior takes the baby from her hands and kills his peak. Rachel falls to the ground and crying.
Rachel
. Ah, alas! Ah, alas!
In sorrow, sadness!
Ah, alas! Ah, alas!
In sorrow, sadness!
I see a babbie to the womb
And I press the coffin.
Crying is repeated twice. Rachel all the time lies on the floor of the throne.
Phenomenon 7.
The angel in white clothes is Rachel, with wings, raises her.
Angel
. Do not cry, Rachel, rise, Rachel.
See your child
At the king of Heaven in Rutch.
Little Choo.
In the paradise will be glad!
Phenomenon 8.
The door includes death.
Death
. Full you, Herod,
Damned, crazy
To live in the world.
It's time to you, Herod,
To hell!
Death Tsar Irod on the throne head removes oblique, the body falls from the throne. Damn runs up to the body of King Herod.
Heck
. Oh, damn ite
For your extose anger
Breaky to the hell abyss ...
There is enough body of King Herod. Herod falls along with a feature in the hatch (in the underworld).
Phenomenon 9.
Shepherd and angels come out with singing to worship a baby Christ. The star is lit.
Shepherd
. Nova joy became
Yako in the sky praise
Above the Vertel Star is clear, lightly excommunicated.
Cowgirls go with a pag not
Before small diet
Knees dropped,
Christ glorified:
"Molim, asking Christ-King,
Heavenly sovereign
Daruya Summer happy
Some of the Lord.
Vertips: how to make dolls do it yourself
Dolls, controlled from above with a rod, are made of any material convenient for you: fabrics, wood, paper and even clay.
Draws dimensions are dictated, of course, the scene sizes, the rifle. But in any case, we recommend making them no more brushes hands and no less than a finger length.
The care of the studies of dolls - faces, decorations of clothing, hands, legs and other things depends on your desire and taste. However, the revolving drama is a symbolic spectacle and allows the use of very conditional dolls - without legs, often without hands, if the hands do not act in the scene, without the details of the face, only eyes, hair, hair and beards, which can be glued, are drawn, but in Overall only designated.
The rod, which you will be attached to the doll, should be for the convenience of work quite long - at least in the elbow length. When driving a doll more convenient when the rod rests on the floor of the scene, otherwise it will be difficult for you to determine the height on which the doll is located; And at the top of the rod, make the handle so that the doll does not get drunk in the fingers. At the level of the shoulders of the doll, it is advisable to make a cross, then it will be easier to attach a doll to the prune, and it will not be rotated around it at the most inopportune moment.
The rod can be made of wire or wood, the crossbar is made of sticks, thoroughly wrapped it with a thread, lubricated with glue.
Note. There is a reduced version of the vertex drama, and the composition of the dolls is reduced to the minimum.
Alexander Gref,
artistic director of the stray
puppety Theater "Vervet", Moscow
The Christmas of Jesus Christ is one of the main holidays in the Christian religion, it is celebrated by Christians of the whole world. Many different traditions are associated with the celebration, and they enter the christmas verticles.
History of Christmas Vertep in European countries
In 1223, Saint Francis, Assisi created the first Christmas composition. So, he placed people and animals in the cave, and they played scenes from Christmas there. Spectators really liked the spectacle, and they decided that he needed to repeat every year. Original Vermites Christmas gave views only in temples, but over time they appeared on urban areas and markets. The best sculptors and artists worked on the creation and design of the wield and the characters, and the scripts for the Vermit were created by poets and musicians.
True recognition they managed to get in the sixteenth century of our era. It was then in Europe that the puppet theater-raid develops. Such the theater was a small box made of wood or cardboard. It consisted of two floors, the top floor of the box was usually intended for religious representations dedicated to the birth of Christ, and household christmas scenes were played on the lower floor.
History of Christmas Vertipa in Russia
In the territory Russian Empire Vertepes Christmas appeared at the end of the sixteenth century. The flourishing for Russian verta becomes the eighteenth century. Then the usual theater in Russia as such was not, therefore the theater-verdol was popular. He was the main entertainment on the sagnes and often replaced the theater in rich merchant houses.
But you could see the view of the Vertipa not only in someone's home. Increasingly, the views were held at the fairs, they could buy a ticket for them. But with the development of the theater in Russia, the Vertepes Christmas began to lose their popularity. After the October Revolution of 1917, they were generally banned. In the Soviet era, such ideas were not conducted in Russia. Since the 1980s, the revival of folk traditions begins, and the Christmas Vertel, the scenario of which is known to the whole world, again begins to cause interest from ordinary people.
Christmas traditions associated with the Vertel
The Christmas Vertel in Russia was part of Christmas Holiday. In this celebration, pagan and Christian traditions were connected.
On Christmas Eve, Christmas Eve, in the houses cooked porridge, it was a ritual, designed to bring wealth and well-being in the family. Kasha was called Cute. It was believed that in this lesson the owners of the house help water and land. The porridge had to be cooked on fire, subjected by friction. This was considered to be sacred fire.
The sacred fire served in order to light up. The ritual was called "Bodnyak", with its help, the fire was transferred from one hearth to another. The fire in the pagan tradition was considered a deity that worshiped. And the souls of the ancestors came to the dinner on the holiday, and it was believed that after dinner they need to leave something.
An important role in this holiday was played by a wheelchade. This creature does not have an accurate definition - a deity or sorcerer, an elf or slave. The carriage stood in the corner of the house, wreaths and decorations were put on him.
With the name of the strides are associated carols. These are songs that children sang during Christmas celebration. A noisy company gathered, went to the village, sang songs, asked the treats from the owners of the houses. Many quarrellies dressed in goats and cows. Their appearance in rural courtyards symbolized the wealth and index of livestock.
In the case when the owners were given a lot of treats, then they sang beautiful songs, carols. After singing, the ranges were divided among themselves the collected treats or satuned a feast.
Design of christmas vertea
Vertips are a wooden box, divided into two floors. The top of the box is covered with blue paper, in Vertepe it is "sky". The lower part is covered with brilliant paper, paint different colored patterns on it. In the middle of the bottom there is a throne of Tsar Herod, the main negative character of the Christmas action.
The main actors here are dolls, and the pearls are a place where the dolls are managed. In order for them to manage, the bottom of the verte is made slots, through them the cooking manages the action. Dolls are different. Especially interesting figures for the Vermit were in France. In the Middle Ages, they were usually wooden, sometimes they were made of clay. Clay dolls were painted, made them cotton or sitz clothes. They fixed on wooden or steel rods. The creators of the vertolovs in the manufacture of dolls showed all their fantasy, and the Christmas Vertel, the handicraft for which was interesting for any master, is considered one of the most prominent works in the history of world art.
Characters Vertipa
It is already clear that the Vertim is a cultural phenomenon that influenced the history of many countries of the world and on their culture. The task of Vertap - to tell about the whole set of events that occurred at the time of the Nativity of Christ. Christmas Verpets, whose script was created on the basis of biblical motives , Lights basically the birth of Christ and worship of the Magi. But at the same time other biblical events can be used to build a script. So, it may be escape to Egypt, the phenomenon of Mary and so on. The main characters of the Vertipa, which are present in it always - this is Jesus Christ, Virgo Maria, as well as St. Joseph. If the vertol places worship of shepherds or magicians, then Jesus Christ is depicted in the form of a baby who sits from Mother Mary in his arms.
In the Christmas Verpets, whose templates are studied by many people, also include animals. Thus, in the winds of many countries there are ox and donkey, which warmn the baby Jesus with their warm breath. Shepherds who come to worship to the baby often carry animals on the hands. Most often they carry the lambs. The lamb is a symbol of Christianity since the earliest. In general, in terms of animals, the fantasy of the creators of theatrical action is unlimited. During the presentation in Vertpe, camels may be present on which the Magi came, horses, birds, elephants, representatives of local flora and fauna arrived. It is assumed that the action of the verta takes place in the cave, sometimes a hut is shown. And over all that is happening
Waxes who came to worship the baby from the distant countries came to worship. They bring him gifts.
Production of Vertipa
Christmas Meritable - Crafts, which you can make with your own hands. For the manufacture of Vertep, you will need a small box. It can be painted in different colors, you can salary with multi-colored cloth. This box will symbolize the cave in which Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ were located.
The bottom of the box can be made gray or brown, its outer side can be made blue, the inner walls are usually made white or red.
Make the Christmas Vertel with their own hands can anyone, most importantly - have patience and try. After the manufacture of the Vertep you need to do the manufacture of dolls. The easiest option is to cut them out of paper or from cardboard, and then color. If you want figures to be voluminous, then the nursery with a baby can be made from the box of matches. This box is painted in red and brown colors And glued to the bottom of the Vertipa. For the manufacture of other figures, you can cut strips from colored paper, then minimize them into the cone. Separately, you can paint on the head of the head and glue them to cones . Christmas Verpets (with their own hands), whose photo you will do with pleasure, will deliver joy to you and your children.
There is a wide variety of options for such vertolov.
Buying christmas verta
If there is no time to do the Vertips yourself, then many begin to find out, Christmas Vertpes - where to buy. Foreign toy manufacturers have long been offered to consumers in their countries a variety of vertical versions. In Russia and in the CIS countries, this business is only developing.
LEGO, which specializes in creating a variety of toys for children, offers consumers to buy a toy set, consisting of their plastic house and plastic figures. These are the figures of a holy family, mohaws and shepherds, animals. Also plastic reservoirs offer famous companies - manufacturers of toys Fisher Price and Playmobil. For those who love soft toys, offers Christmas verteps Talicor. These are plush houses with the opening door, inside which are the figures.
The smallest lovers of the vertertov are obtained as a gift Vertpea Christmas, made of wood. Wooden vertepes with releases German company Selecta. Vertepes Christmas, which she produces is absolutely safe to the health of kids and give them many opportunities for playing and creativity.
Scenarios of Christmas Vertep in the Middle Ages
An integral part of the Christmas Verte is words for the Vertipa. In the Middle Ages, the vertex plays were usually compiled for the vertex performances. The peculiarity of these pieces was the fact that they were mainly disavortor. The text of the vertex play was usually invented by the owner of the verta. At the same time, the owner of the Vertipa did not come up with everything himself, and took the finished verbal formulas and already on their basis came up with his play.
The script of the tape drama looked like this. On the stage, Pan and Pani, as well as an angel, who congratulated those present with the onset of the Great Christmas Holiday. The car bead was performed "Nova Joy". Shepherds came or the magic and brought their gifts a baby. Sometimes he described about the expulsion of Adam and Eve, about their life in paradise and subsequent care from there.
An important place occupies a scenario of the beating of babies in Bethlehem. King Herod commanded his warriors to kill all the children in Bethlehem, and the warriors fulfilled his order. Including he destroyed his own son. Having learned about this, the devils came from Hell and took him with them. The representation of the glorification to Jesus Christ is completed.
Depending on the country in which the vertel, scenarios and actors could differ. In the East Ukrainian Verteps, the existing persons were also Zaporozhets, Gypsy and Bear. Historical characters such as Alexander Macedonian, pores of Indian appeared. In Russian verteps, the scene of the Baptism of the Lord is added.
Scenarios of Christmas Vertep in our time
Vertepes Christmas and in our time remain popular. Thus, in the city of Sarov in 2011, a Christmas play was set, the author of the script and the director of which is Roman Swanidze. This professional playwright created a scenario of Christmas verta specifically for children, this scenario is designed for the fact that the performance will be shown on the street. Often scenarios for christmas verta are created by students sunday schools different cities of Russia.
The traditions of the Vermita in our country are not yet very developed, which is explained by the fact that the Vertices of Christmas We have been banned for a long time. But gradually traditions are reborn, new characters appear in the Christmas action. So, in Moscow, the christmas leaders were played, in which hobbits were attended as character characters - the heroes of the work of John Tolkien "The Lord of the Rings". Hobbits took part in the glorification of the Christmas of Jesus Christ.
The Christmas Merges in our time remains popular, even despite the fact that life has changed in many ways and modern technologies began to determine.
Best christmas wield winds
Vertepes Christmas had an indelible effect on the culture and tradition of the peoples of the world. IN last years Increasingly appear large-scale sales of christmas vertically in the most different countries World.
In Spain, in the province of Extremadura, in the Badajoz region, one of the largest Christmas vertically in Europe was placed on underground parking. This vertel took area of \u200b\u200b270 square meters, figures that are located on its square, all growth of about 20 centimeters.
The perts are made as close as possible to reality. So, this is a whole landscape on which there are rivers, very similar to the real, valleys, cities. The model of the medieval city is portrayed very realistic. Trade Markets and Square, Temples, Streets - All this really depicts medieval Europe. Figures that participate in the scenes were originally white, and workers painted their paints. In order to create such a work of art, they needed a month. The goal of creating this verta is to entertain tourists who appear in the city and revive trade.
In the Principality of Monaco in December 2014, the "Christmas journey" was opened in December, the purpose of which was the familiarization of the guests of the country and residents with the Christmas customs of different countries of the world. Here it was possible to see a variety of verticles. Christmas Vertepes were posted on the square in front of the State Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Monaco. The leading role was taken by Vermita France and Germany. In Monaco, there are shows of vertpets of America and South Africa. And the exact copy of the Bethlehem is facing the Cathedral. The exhibition of the verteres begins in December and ends on January 11th.
Considering that Christmas in different countries of the world takes place in different time, then this holiday is celebrated in different dates. If Christmas is celebrated in Catholic countries on December 25, then orthodox tradition His celebration falls on January 7th. Therefore, on January 7, there is a celebration of Christmas in East Slavic countries.
On this day, Christmas celebration is arranged in Kiev in ancient traditions. Special beautiful holiday It suits the People's Museum of Architecture and Life "Pirogovo". First, guests listen to liturgy, then folk festivities begin and entertainment. Holiday guests have the opportunity to try dishes of national Ukrainian cuisine. And on this day, the verte representations occur. It is in Pirogovo that there is an opportunity to recreate the people's Ukrainian traditions, because in this museum the situation of the Ukrainian village in the eighteenth-nineteenth centuries as accurate as possible in this museum, when the Christmas Vertel was the main entertainment for people. Therefore, many tourists come here not only from Ukraine, but also from other countries of the world. The Christmas Verp, photo of which you can see on the calendar of this museum, is one of the main attractions of this area.
Passing folk festivities on this day and in Kiev parks. People ride sleds, they make snowmen, water dance and sing songs. The streets walk on the streets, sing songs, show scenes from the Bible.
In St. Petersburg, in January, you can see the figures of Christmas vertices made from ice. You can look at this unique spectacle in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Ice figures are placed there in the Naryshkinsky bastion. The masters will create sculptures from ice right in front of the visitors, at night the sculptures will have a backlight, and sculptures can stand there until March 2015.
Montreal is famous for its churches. Among them are a lot of affecting richly decoration. The magnificence of the Montreal Basilica Notre Dame attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world. But on the eve of Christmas and New Year, the Montreal churches are becoming even more elegant. They are decorated with garlands, wreaths from mistletoe and ostolist, bouquets of Christmas poinsettia ... and in almost every church Mastery is despuling or verteps. This is our today's story.
Collection I.Lapina
Collection I.Lapina
Collection I.Lapina
Collection I.Lapina
Christmas Vertel
Christmas Vertel - This is a picture of the Christmas of the Baby Jesus: a little cave, in her - Khlev, there - three main figures: Jesus himself, Virgin Mary and Joseph. In addition to them, there are often images of shepherds, mohaws, angels, as well as animals: bulls, donkeys, goats and sheep. Sometimes details of the surrounding landscape or urban landscape are added.
Christmas
In the nursery slept on the fresh hay
Quiet tiny Christ.
A month, emerging from the shadows,
I stroked the flax of his hair ...
Bull hit the baby's face
And, straw rustle,
On elastic knee
I looked, a little breathe.
Sparrows Through Tool Roofs
To the nursery jobled,
And the bull, clinging to niche,
Rowel mall with lip.
Dog, hiding to the warm leg,
Polized her secret.
All the cozy was a cat
In the nursery to warm the child barrel ...
Sedissed White Kozlik
On his man breathing his
Only stupid gray donkey
All helplessly pushed:
"See for a child
At least a minute and me! "
And I cried ringtones
In predawn silence ...
And Christ, open the eyes,
Suddenly spread the circle of animals
And with a smile full of caress
Whispered: "Look soon! .."
S. Black
Budapest, St. Mother's Cathedral. Photo by A. Baranova
Village on the Cathedral Square in Vilnius. Photo V. Leonov
Vertpes in Italy
Italy - Motherland of Vertolov
Vertpes came to us from Italy. According to tradition after December 8, or rather, after one of the main Catholic church holidays, The day of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, in the houses, in churches and in the squares begin to make a tech (IT.) - Sculptural scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.
The word "Presepio" comes from Latin Praesepire (fencing) or Praesaepium (stall, chill, nursery). Now more consumed the second meaning of this word is "Nursery" and "Baby Cot".
Who does not know the ancient Roman Basilica Santa Maria Maggiore. But few people know that from the VII century she was known under the other name "Sancta Maria AD Praesepe". It is believed that it is in it that fragments of wooden nursery are stored, in which Virgo Marya laid a little Jesus Christ. In this basilica, the oldest despira has been preserved, which has come down to this day. In 1280, on request, Honoria IV, he was carved from marble with a sculptor Arnolfo di Cambio.
And in Umbria in the town of Assisi, they are confident that the emergence of the vertolov is connected with the Holy Francis of Assisi, who installed the first "nursery" in 1223 in Grechcho. According to the testimony, in the same year, Dad Horoni III gave a blessing to the creation of vertpets before Christmas. A hundred years after Francis of the Assisian Vertips during the Christmas holidays, they did already in all Italian churches.
Photo E.Lapina
Photo E.Lapina
Photo E.Lapina
Photo E.Lapina
Even Kings Mastery Vertpeas - Traditions and Features
Gradually, each Italian city had their customs and features of the facilities of the vertolov. It is curious that they are making them even the kings themselves! So, in Naples in the XVIII century, King Carl III Bourbon personally made figures for the vertolov, and the court ladies were decorated. In his board, the creation of vertolov has become a real profession. Special craftsmen scratched the characters from clay, wax or wood. Clay was then burned. Artists painted figurines. There were even tailors who prepared clothes for them with decorations and embroidery. Since then, there has been a tradition to wear figures in the festive vestment. Then the "live" verteps originated. Rich and aristocrats, putting on special costumes, played Christmas scenes.
Until now, in Naples in antiques shops sell figures for homemade verte. There are traditional figurines here handmade All sizes and all kinds. These shops are open all year round.
Modern masters engaged in creating vertertov, diligently beat the record for the record! Miniature wipes they somehow put in the old light bulbs, mussel sinks ... Neapolitan artist Aldo Carlo, made, perhaps, the smallest verteres in the world: the size of the pin head.
The tradition of christmas vertices in Bologna dates back to the XVI century. It has been preserved by the top of 1560, where the figure is 60 cm. At Christmas fairs in this city and today they sell a lot of all sorts of statuettes for the verteres. But they differ from the luxuriously dressed nepolitan. They are made from girlfriend: clay, gypsum, papier-march, but at the same time skillfully paint.
In Genoa, from the XVIII century began to make figures not only for churches, but also for ordinary residents. Anton Maria Maralyano is one of the most famous master masters of the time. He still created the preserved Despios, which can be seen in the Santuario di Nostra Signora di Carbonara temple.
In Sicily, the art of christmas vertically experienced a strong influence of the Neapolitan school. The first despios appeared in the XV century. All local residents know the name of Master Andrea Mancino. His work is still stored in the Church of Chiesa Dell'annunziata in Termini Imerez. In the first half of the XVII century on Sicily began to make moving figures, carved from wood. During this period, the wipes appear and outside the church their characters become more realistic and richer decorated. Artists began to use such precious materials for them as gold, silver, pearl, elephant bone and coral.
Giuseppe Vaccaro Bondja
(Giuseppe Vaccaro Bongiovanni), 19 century.
Photo O. Popova
In the north of Italy in the town of Lutago (Bolzano Province) in the Maranatha Museum is kept in Europe a collection of vertets. There are vita and ultra-modern verteps here, for example, Swarovski Vertpets. There are Vertips sent from Russia. There is a hall with an exhibition of miniature vertices telling about the life of Jesus. There are vertepes with wooden figures in full size.
In the Vatican during the reign of Pope Xii and John XXIII for the vertets, large shapes made of wood were created. Now they are stored in the museums of the Vatican. But on St. Peter's Square, the first Vertips was installed when Pavel VI dad. It is curious that that full-scale wooden figures for him were made from the same tree as the violin of Stradivari.
Live verteps
Nowadays, the traditions of "living vertens" are preserved. Since the time of Francis of Assis colors in large cities and small villages, the parishioners of churches, monks, locals or professional actors played small scenes or ideas for evangelted themes in the period from Christmas and to the Epiphany.
Live vertepes can be seen throughout Italy. The largest in the world in Frasati. A few years ago, 160 people participated in his scenes. Since 1336, the Christmas action is played in Milan. The ministers of the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie on horseback followed from one church to another, depicting the wilts, and bring gifts and gifts to the improvised place of birth of Jesus.
Since 1972, the tradition of living rapes in Grechcho has resumed. All scenes and dialogs are taken from Tommazo Tests da Chellano, who studied the biography of St. Francesco. Here are six living paintings, living scenes - it turns out a magnificent historical performance.
It is impossible to tell about all the wields in the Italian cities. In each of them - their traditions, their raisins.
Roman exhibition - Vertepes from sugar, traffic jams and corn leaves ...
Two years ago on the eve of Christmas in Rome on the Square of the People (Piazza Del Popolo) held an international exhibition "100 Verdovov". There it was possible to see the vertel, made of 890 traffic jams, superteps from sugar, corn leaves, gypsum, toothpicks, fabric, rice, dry bread and even an ostrich egg. The exposition presents verteps made of traditional materials by professional artists from 14 regions of Italy and 16 foreign countries. The exhibition "100 Vervetov" is held since 1976, and its initiator was a journalist Manlio Menalia.
Saint-Joseph Oratoria in Montreal - Museum of Vertolov from around the world
Now I want to move to Montreal. I think, few people in Italy, in the motherland of the Vertilov, knows that behind the ocean, in French Canada, in Montreal, in the largest basil of the city of Saint-Joseph (St. Joseph), there is a magnificent museum where Vertpes from many countries of the world are stored. Every year in the days of Christmas I attend her with great pleasure. A few years ago, he was glad doubly: the Peruvians sent not only their vertically, but also beautiful brightly painted vertea bells. I brought a few as a gift to the participants of the "bell gallery".
More than 300 exhibits are exhibited in this museum from all continents from many countries in the world. Picture fantastic! What a craftsmen working with amazing love and fiction. And materials? Vertepes are made of wood, metal, bronze, stone, clay, porcelain, papier-mâché. There are large scenes here, there are miniature - for example, in a jug.
The Belarusian master made everything from straw. Russia sent a traditional egg with christmas painting. Ukrainians - recognized wood carving.
The Africans made a pendant from the famous ebony tree. The exhibition presents pictures, work on a tree, on silk, weaving. Causes a smile of the vertol, where all figures are penguins: Mom, Dad, baby, even guests with gifts. Apparently, he arrived from Antarctica and from Australia? Well, of course, the famous Australian animals are involved as heroes: Mishka Koala, Vombat, Lokkos. And instead of donkeys or camels - ostriches.
Another 48 photos:
On the eve of the Nativity of Christ on the pious tradition orthodox churches decorated with vertapes.
The word "Vertpec" corresponds to the Latin term "Praesepe", meaning in the translation "Nursery, feeder for livestock." In the Christian perception, this term was generalized as the place of the Nativity of Christ. The Vertips has no standards in size nor the number of characters or even time (its main story can be transferred to modernity). The only constant in the eyelids remains the scene in Nursery, where the newborn baby is Jesus. In addition, the verteres call the theatrical productions of Christmas topics.
In Russia, Verpov was known since the XVII century. However, the origins of the puppet christmas theater are much older. In Ukraine, this theater was known from the XVI century. It was Maloroscia who gave Russia such a unique tradition. Ukrainian Vertips, in turn, became the successor to the Polish tradition. And in Poland, the Christmas Puppet Theater came from the Catholic culture of Europe.
At the beginning of the tenth century, the tradition existed a tradition to represent the scene in the temple from the life of Christ. This representation lasted several days. But the scene of the Nativity of Christ was never played by a living plan. She was present in the temple throughout the action from birth to the death of the Savior. The Mother of God, Joseph and Baby of Christ depicted the dolls that famous sculptors did. Puppet, who fell out the honor of playing the virgin Maria, was called puppets in Italy.
Hence, a tradition to arrange Christmas verteps in Catholic churches. Then they began to produce smaller verteps. They were prevented in boxes made in the form of a temple. So the vertpets came out of the temple and came to the house of a person. Western verteps were mechanical, figurines in them moved in a circle.
Vertipa device
What was the christmas vertel? The vertpets was a simple wooden box with slots. Did this theater free from their summer agricultural work, the peasants long winter evenings. The vertex box himself was a house in two floors. The top tier of this house, in fact, and represented the Christmas cave. It housed small nursery, in which the ripeny baby was lying in Christ; figurines of Joseph and the Virgin Mary, tendled over the Classels; ox and donkey warming the Savior with their breath.
These figures could not be called just dolls: they never played in the dolls, did not utter speeches for them. They portrayed the Christmas scene and were signs, christmas symbols. Sometimes instead of the figurines in the upper tier, the icon of the Christmas holiday was set.
Accordingly, this Christmas scene was drawn up and the entire top tier of the house. It was covered with blue paper or stained in blue. The Christmas Bethrerage Star was cut into the roof of the house, which argues the world about the wonderful birth of the Son of God. This star was passive. From the inside of the house, it was highlighted by a candle. And she really shone the flickering light during the Christmas presentation.
On the inside, the box was punishable by a white sharing skirt. White color symbolized purity. At the same time, the sickness of the skin hid a slot in the drawer, along which the figures moved.
The owner of the Vertap usually told the text and drove dolls. Several choriers - boys who singer in the service have sowed Christmas chants. And if a musician entered the troupe, he accompanied singing and dance game on his instrument.
Earth and heaven
The tiers shared a house into two spaces. The top tier indicated the space of heaven. After all, the infant of Christ goes down from heaven. And the lower tier is the earth, in which we live, sinful people, with all our passions, joys and hopes.
Here at the Lower Yarus the Teathers and will represent the puppet action itself, which will tell what happened in the year of birth of Jesus Christ in the city of Bethlehem, - People's Drama-Mysteria about the cruel Tsar Igene. It was the king of Herod and his warriors a people will bring out puppet characters and speech speech for them. It also implies the third, the bottom, the tier - the underworld, where Herod was dragged. So a simple puppet housegraded to the size of the universe.
For several centuries in Moscow, a week before Christmas was played by the "Cave Action" story. It was one of the favorite plots of theatrical ideas in Russia in the XVI - XVII centuries And to the Parsley, Igor Stravinsky. Chin "Cave Action" ancient and completely forgotten now the tradition of the church. He is held on the day of memory of the Prophet of Daniel and the three holy departments, that is, on December 18, the old style and 30 in the new one. And if the tapewer theater was mainly for children, then "the cave action" was not tired to watch from year to year, everything from Mala to Great. The performers of these Christmas ideas were not professionals, they gave earnings to those who remained for the winter without work. In the villages, these were peasants, in cities - lovers from Messen.
But the entertainment of puppet acts will not be in Vertepe main. Root figures will remain an illustration for the spiritual content of texts. Texts in christmas verteps in folk tradition represented removed. They were either hung in spiritual verses, or told, or simply pronounced without any intonation.
The River Theater was a favorite entertainment for children, which in pre-revolutionary Rossi in secular theaters were practically not taken. During the year, Christmas teams - boxes, along with doll kits kept somewhere in the attic or in Saraj. We went with them from December 25 for a sickie week, and sometimes to the most great post, but after a square week the spiritual part it was forbidden to show, only secular remained.
Not a game, and action
What material did the vertic dolls made? There were no clear instructions. In the Russian folk tradition, dolls were made by volumetric, out of rags, wooden chiochoks, and flat cardboard figures. But to play dolls as they are now managed in modern puppet theaters, it was impossible. People's Orthodox Ethics were forbidden to bring individual, acting figurative game into the revolving action. The christmas vertpets represented the people of the believer, Orthodox. The individual acting craft carried the concept of insincerity and lies. Crying Rachel, who kills the baby, can not be depicted in Vertepe and, finally, is simply impossible.
All figures in the Vertepe from any material were static, moved along the slits using a wooden rod on which the figure was attracted. The mechanism of driving the figurines itself was hidden in a countersight box. However, the spectators had a miracle feeling during the diet itself: as if the figures themselves flew out of the door of the house and, smoothly gliding, spit on slots in a wooden box.
Texts to the verteps wrote clergy on the basis of the Holy Scriptures. And imagined Vertpes on the shnik and the christmas of Scholar. So in the old days called the pupils of the spiritual seminaries. Since the wooden puppet house-vertp was heavy, the Scholar dragged him onto stretchers. And he like sailed in the Christmas frosty night over a rustic road as a saving ark, protecting the Earth from the whole anxious and dangerous, which is happening in the world.
However, in the removal of the presentation of the text and driving figures, a complete harmony of a holistic artistic impression was achieved. It is necessary to mention that the vertepes represented late in the evening with lit candles. And the burning candle was a composite way of a puppet christmas presentation.
How to touch the miracle of christmas - especially if there are small children in the house? One of the possible solutions is to make a leader. Joint work along with children and other households in any case will give joy.
"Nursery," so dreamed of one child, -
You can glue from color cards,
Make paper gold
Shepherds with christmas star.
Oll, ox - what beauty! -
Stand next to the yawls of Christ
And the Holy Baby at this hour,
He is in the hearts of each of us "...
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Production of Vertap (different options)
For the manufacture of the wield you will need a medium size box. The scenery can be saved with colored paper or foil. For a given case, it is appropriate to drag the design with a cloth. In this case, a dark blue festive material for the outside, red for the inner, gray or brown - for the earth, gender is well suited.
In the depths of the wield, in the middle, put the nursery with a baby made from a small box and absorbed by straw or dry grass.
To the right of the nursery to put Maria, well in a red or blue robe, on the left of Joseph in brown. Around the nursery animals. In the foreground of the shepherd in the gray robe and with the crops in the hands. If the verteres are made in the form of a house, an angel can be suspended on a thread to the roof of the design to create an impression of steam air. Nurserie at the Vertipa there is no roof, it can be put near the shepherds.
In the evenings in Vertep, a small light is lit, and the characters come to life ... New Year's garlands are suitable for lighting. In the evening, the light will be extinguished by the light, it will be comfortable to get up near the Vertipa, telling kids in children ...
Characters Vertipa
Maria, Joseph, baby, angels, shepherds, animals (donkey, lambs, lambs, cow, bull - you can not all that will be found (if the toys are purchased), most importantly, in order to suit). Three wrap, or "three kings", never appear one by one.
We will need: salty dough (although these crafts can be made of plasticine or plastic), straw, rolling pin, teaspoon, pencil.
Maria
1. Skate a short thick sausage for the body so that it looks like a crankshake.
2. Make hands and head, mark your mouth and eyes. Roll the ball from the dough for the cover.
3. Take the cover on the head and torso to lay the backs of the back.
Joseph and shepherd
Make them torso slightly longer. For the shepherd, roll a harness on my head.
Nursery
Skate a thick sausage. Deeply sell the center of the phalange of the finger. Skate a thin sausage for crosses from both ends.
Three kings
Brightly paint their clothes. Rock up your head from the balls or twisted sausages.
Baby Christ
Make a babe of Christ.
Roll the ball for the head and the sausage for the body. Connect. Draw the fork in the connection places.
Recover your eyes with a pencil. Shot a little spout.
For the bedspread, roll the dough on the film. Make marks with a pencil.
Remove the film and wrap the baby in the bedspread.
Cake in the oven, and then draw a doll. Feltster Draw your mouth.
Place the baby in Nursery.
Sheep
For the trunk, roll a thick sausage.
Attach four leg balls to the body.
Ride the sausage-head and attach it to the body.
To get ears, sleep two small sausages.
Pencil tick the nostrils and eyes. Fork, mark the fur.
For gifts, make bars from the thick-cut dough and decorate them with patterns.
Vertipa decoration
Verpets can be decorated with fir branches or cones, artificial colors. You can hang the christmas star to the edge of the wield. External sides of the Vertipa can be decorated with yellow paper or foil stars.
The Christmas Vertel creates a special atmosphere in the house: this is a feeling of fairy tale, but at the same awareness of the greatness of the event whose anniversary celebrates the whole world in the Christmas night.
Verute Production options with their own hands
So, we will need:
- Cardboard and colored paper
- glue, scissors
- Double-sided tape
- Gouache, brush
- Quail testicles
- pieces of fabric, narrow tape
- cardboard box
- Yarn white and brown
- Toothpicks.
Of the three quail testicles with the needle, remove yolks and protein. Mobile is one in white, and two others - in the body. The body color will turn out if you add a drop of red and ocher. For the convenience of staining, I used sticks. So the color falls evenly, and the egg will evenly dry.
From brown and blue cardboard, cut the circles with a diameter of 15 cm. Cut the segment from the circle and turn the cone.
From the cone, cut off the top so that the learning head holds more reliable. The egg to the cone is secure a narrow strip of Scotch. We glue the handles cut from colored cardboard.
From the blue cone, the figure of the Virgin Mary is obtained. Fix on the head cape from a piece of fabric. Around the figures we assume a thin "belt" - a strip of sequins. Draw your eyes. Figurine is ready.
The figure of Joseph is made from a brown cone. From brown yarn mastwork hair and beard. We glue on bilateral scotch. (You can also on PVA, but it seemed to me that with scotching work more conveniently). Around the body we are taking a piece of fabric and add a belt. Figurine is ready.
From white yarn, we ware on the ball - the torso lamb. Breeping with the help of toothpicks to the body's head - white egg. Insert the legs-toothpicks. We stick to the head of the cheeklet from yarn. Place your eyes. Lamb is ready.
Making a nursery. From a rectangular piece of plasticine we make the basis. We insert around the perimeter of half the toothpicks. Inside the nursery smell a little sawdust.
Jesus's baby is depicting a piece of cotton wool wrapped into the fabric.
Shoe box put a message. Blue paper glue the background. We glue the "curtain" and a Christmas star.
It remains only to place the figures, and sprinkle a little sawdust on the bottom of the box.
Christmas Vertel!
P.S. I used a similar scheme for the manufacture of figurines for the Christmas angel. The same cardboard cone, chicken egg, a piece of fabric for a raincoat. Wings are made of cardboard attached cotton discs. Hair - New Year's "Rain".
Christmas in our country, as well as around the world, is the most joyful and beloved holiday, a holiday, full of miracles. People try to more elegantly decorate their homes, the father on arrival decorate the temples, buy gifts, and all this in order to give each other joy. One of these bright moments of the holiday is the Christmas Vertel. Even in past centuries, people arranged ideas for Christmas, showing the so-called sacred verdress, telling in action and the image of the events of the Christmas night, completely changed the world.
Vertepes were made by masterfully and individual people from different materials. They always had their own unique look, but always displayed a christmas miracle. The icon-painted assistant workshop, tries to make Christmas verteps, always in different ways, and add a few creative approach to each sacred verdpet. The assist's workshop manufactures Vertpes of different sizes, correlating them with the desire of the customer.
You can also make separately shapes, and place them in your own vertapes, decoring them to your liking. You can also buy ready-made, small twigs and decorate them the most beloved holiday. Big Christmas Vertepes for Christmas is made by our workshop in advance, adjusting the product with the desire of the customer (sizes, number of shapes, decorations).
In our workshop, the wipes are made of moisture-resistant and frost-resistant materials, which allows you to place them on a street area next to the temple or house, without fear for the quality of the product. The sacred twirl can become a unique decoration of the Christmas holiday as a church parish and a family celebration, and can become a memorable gift for loved ones and favorite people!
Gallery of christmas vertolov
Vertel "Christmas Night"
Gypsum stone, aged tree, oil painting. Rampa lighting, artificial fir, illumination. Figures Levkas, fresco painting. Size: height 1m, width 80cm and depth 50cm. Under the order. Production time for 4 weeks. 
Set of figures "christmas"
Set of figures "Christmas Small Set"
Picturesque figures - height 70 cm, about 130 cm long. Oil, moisture-resistant painting, wooden base. Under the order. Production time for 3 weeks. 
Figures iconographic
Christmas iconographic figures - height 100 length about 170 cm, moisture-resistant painting, wooden base. Under the order. Production time for 3 weeks.
Vertips "Christmas joy"
Christmas joy - height 180 depth 100 Length 200 cm. Passwords are collapsible - metal frame, shaped wood, artificial stone, painting - oil painting, natural and artificial decorative elements. Under the order. Production time is 4-5 weeks.
Christmas cave
Christmas cave "Width 80 cm, height 60 cm, depth 50 cm. Manual painting., Stone, aged tree, artificial fir, frame lighting, illumination.
"Christmas composition with arch"
Composition with arch - Height 170 Length 200 cm Screening wood, metal frame, artificial stone, oil painting. Under the order. Production time 3-4 weeks. 
"Christmas scenic figures"
Christmas picturesque figures - height 130 length about 200 cm. Oil, moisture-resistant painting, wooden base. Under the order. Production time for 3 weeks. 
"Figures on a stand for decorative design"
Figures on a stand for decorative design - height 140 Length 200 cm. Metal carcass, aged tree, the figures are rigidly fixed, racks for jewelry - ate, a tree, etc. under the order. Production time for 3 weeks. 
