Previously, we used to have written that "the fight against the fascist aggressor was not a struggle of nations, namely the class struggle, the struggle of two social systems, the struggle of opposing ideologies." In fact, fascism and socialism collided then in the deadly fight, they fought not only the army, but also antagonistic social systems, incompatible economic and political ideologies. After the meeting at Hitler 03.03.1941, Galder recorded: "Our tasks in Russia: to break the armed forces, destroy the state ... The struggle of two ideologies ... the huge danger of communism for the future ... The communist has never been and never become our comrade about the fight on Destruction "(T.2. p.81). War with fascism was a political struggle. S. Kara-Murza was attracted by the insincerity of the "white ideologues", which "pretend that they do not understand the simple, well-known things. Here B. Bondarenko sets out the thesis common for all of them: "I think that the great victory is not a red victory, and the domestic victory ... won there, on the battlefields, not Red Russia, and Russian Russia." If this is said sincerely, then we have a difficult case of a group failure of the thought apparatus - and a considerable group ... If we are talking about war when they are shooting with solid bullets, the fatherland is embodied in specific historical forms, and to oppose the spirit of these forms is just stupid. White continuously curse Soviet industrialization - and the domestic victory love. But after all, the journal is clear that without industrialization and collectivization of this victory would not be "(ZV.2000.№ 30).
B. Vasilyev said: "Fascists are one, the Germans are quite different" (LGL1-17.09.2002). And other authors condemn the people who still do not share the German people (soldiers) and the fascist leaders who have forced this people to fight against the USSR. And it is impossible to mix them in one whole, I. Stalin warned on the days of the war (TH.22.02.01). He actually separated the German people from rulers. 3.07.1941, Stalin said: "In this great war, we will have faithful allies ... including in the face of the German people," enslaved by Hitler's refrains. " 02/23/1942 He stressed: "It would be ridiculous to identify the click of Hitler with the German people, with the German state." Someone believes that "very many, if not most, in the German army, feeling injustice of the war, were our enemies for coercion" (TZh.22.02.01). Not all the Germans approved the decision of Hitler to attack the USSR. 06/22/1941 Goebbels recorded in the diary: "We have several depressed mood in our people" (VZh.1997.№ 4. G37), but in 1941-1943 TT. The overwhelming majority of Germans eager victories over the USSR. Even hitting the environment, the German soldiers fought until the last opportunity. And this is only forced? Often you read: "We fought not with the German people, we fought with the fascists and their minions" (CR.20.02.01). How many were there then? Many millions? Were they or were not part of the German people? At the beginning of the war, some of soviet people There were illusions that the German workers and peasants, "enslaved by Hitler's refivisions," will not support the fascist tip and move to the side of the USSR. In the story of E. Nosov "Usbiangis" (1977), the lecturer inspired our peasants that "German soldiers, the same as we, with you, simple workers," "I am not interested in fighting against us, their brothers," they " Rotate the bayonets against their owners. " War quickly dispelled these naive hopes.
In August 1943, during the offensive on Yelni, we were captured by the German efreitor. He, the former worker, agreed that the war was over for him, but on the question: "Hitler Caput?" (he was repeated three times) did not tend him. the words. In the story of B. Vasilyev, "the lists did not mean" the young officer of the Plugs, regrets, let go to the captive German soldier, the worker, the father of three children, and then he killed the chromonoga pregnant Mirra. In the story of E. Kazakevich "Star", intelligence officers under the command of Lieutenant Herkina, acting in the German rear, captured the German soldier, they learned important information about the Viking Tank Division. German before the war was worked. "Herbin from infant years was raised in love and respect for working people, but this typewriter from Leipzig had to kill." Such is the cruel the essence of the war, you will leave him alive - put the whole detachment under the blow. The war was unnaturally to our person, tragedy was that, despite his humanistic essence, he was forced to kill.
The war became a huge tragedy in his sinister sense, brought people incredible suffering, destroyed and urged them physically, opposed their personal happiness, destroyed their homely focus, deprived them of their relatives and friends. The folk tragedy was made up of many thousand personal tragedies. A person had no right to go away, pretend that the war does not concern you. Then it was very difficult everywhere - and on the front, and in the rear. At the time of the military shocks, the soldiers became the very brink of life and death, revealed from everything ordinary, weighed his actions on the highest moral scales; He felt the undistributing fusion of his destiny with his fate with his destiny. A deep understanding of the rightness of our sacred struggle with the enemy gave him the strength to overcome the difficulty in peaceful conditions, inspired him to feats. At the front, he was put in such circumstances that he had only two decisions: either, heroically fighting, defeating the enemy, or, embodiment, to betray his people, and there was no third way.
Considering the Great Patriotic War of Political, it is impossible not to take into account that the national-state, geopolitical factor played a huge role in it. Writer B. Kondratyev said: "... We fought for the Fatherland, for Russia. I generally think that the ideology did not play a special role in the war. What is twenty-four years in the thousand-year history of the people ... Eternal, transmitted in the genes of the people's love to their homeland - these are the origins of our victory "(km.1990.№ 7. P.124). The enemy testified about the nationwide resistance of our people, the enemy testified that in 1942, about 10% of their land forces, the German command used to fight partisans, and in 1943, more than 25 divisions were drawn for these purposes. Popov wrote: "It became clear that we are talking about the fate of the Russian people, about the fate of Russia as such. The battle is not for or against Soviet power in Russia, but for Russia itself, for its independence, for the right to have its own state, its culture, its language "(MK.20.11.2001). In fact, the war was carried out for Russia, and for the Soviet power, she was domestic and at the same time political. In the article "Miracle Stalingrad", published 7.10. 1942 in the Social Democratic Journal " New way"Who was published abroad Edited by one of the leaders of Russian Mensheviks F. Dana, said:" Nothing to understand in this miracle, if you close your eyes to the fact that with all your falls, breakdowns, mistakes and even crimes, the revolution, which began A quarter of a century ago, entered the flesh and blood of the masses; that with all adversity, deprivation, suffering ... She gave them some achievements, and, perhaps, even more - some hopes for which the masses hold all the fibers of the souls, which in their eyes outweigh all the dark and heavy sides of her in their eyes, For which they want to go to inhuman flour, fight and die. The revolution gave the patriotism of the peoples of the Soviet Union a new great idea is the idea of \u200b\u200bsocial liberation. " B. Toman noticed: "Surprisingly, but far from his homeland, an emigrant managed to correctly understand and express the morale of the Soviet people" (Ave. 13.10.1989). Popov biased concluded that "the first step towards Russia from the USSR was made sixty years ago, when the ideology of salvation of the Russian people, the Russian nation was raised in the days of the battle for Moscow instead of ideas and slogans of international socialism. There was no this. It is enough to see the press of the time to make sure: our propaganda has been discussed then about the salvation of all the peoples of the USSR, and not alone Russian people. Stalin wrote: "National traditions of peoples and the common life interests of all workers of the Soviet Union are harmoniously combined in Soviet patriotism.
The ideological servants of "Democrats" distort the meaning of war. S. Dorenko 13.05.2000 I was inspired to the viewers that the partisanskaya was not in Belarus, but civil War Stalin de did not trust the party, fearing that something dangerous for Soviet power grows out of their movement, and therefore did not supply them with a sufficient amount of weapons and ammunition. As noted, Ivashchenko slandered the "Million masses of fighters and commanders", which allegedly "moved to the Germans with weapons in their hands ... The events of the summer of 1941 can be called the spontaneous uprising of the army against Stalin's despot." Even earlier, N. Berberov "... In the first months of Soviet-German war in the first months, hundreds of thousands of Soviet fighters were switched to the Germans" (VL.1988.№ 10. P.280). She assured that Sevastopol and Kronstadt were handed over to the same day. " Even Kronstadt passed the enemy this ignorance, which under the Germans "finally freely" was breathing in France. When in April 1941, Germany attacked Yugoslavia, she was indignant: "Think what kind of sulfur bastards! Laugh resist! " (UFO.1999.№ 39).
Liberals declare that in the Patriotic War we fought not for the right thing. B. Okudzhava, whose name "Patriotism is a simple ... Biological, it is also a cat," dared with television screen: "And when I realized that after all, I, essentially defended Stalinism, Totalitarianism - I was scary. It turns out, and I am guilty! " B. Nekrasov said about his work on the radio station "Freedom": "I slander little ... to a historic homeland ... I need to live!" (LH.31.08.1988). Not this led his statement in "Russian Thought" in 1981: "..dowed our wrong. In this tragedy of my generation. " The grain of such reasoning was kept in the "Gulag Archipelago", where Solzhenitsyn wrote: "Poltava victory was misfortune for Russia: she pulled two centuries of great stresses, ruin, non-free - and new, and new wars." I do not think that now he would hold such a revision of our story: "We are so accustomed to proud of our victory over Napoleon that I miss: it was thanks to her the liberation of the peasantry did not happen on the plant earlier (the French occupation was not for Russia a reality) .... Crimean War "Of all the wars, the happiest for Russia - brought not only the liberation of peasants and Alexander reforms," \u200b\u200ba powerful public opinion was born at the same time in Russia. "
Considering our victory "Parrida", N. Kalinin concluded "People's Mass made his choice - to defend their homeland. So it was in 1812. But, like then, the people defended the incompleteness "(from. 7.07.1998). Outlook, the fascists carry us freedom? Cardina, "The war was not for such a" right case ", it was painfully the" right "and" wrong "," the thought inspired by the idea of \u200b\u200bunshakable moral and political unity was a fiction, "there were people when the Germans approached Moscow "For new owners, lists of communists, Jews, commander families were. A little bit of such traitors is difficult to believe what Nagibin wrote in the "light at the end of the tunnel": "Soon the population tested in Moscow in connection with the rapid arrival of the Germans and the end of the war - no one doubted that the surrender follows the capitulation - Changed voltage and uncertainty. Smells scolded Hitler, splashing all offensive dust at the walls of Moscow ... Many remaining Germans waited for Germans. " Looking at the ceiling, Khmelnitsky composed that "to a quarter of the composition of German divisions who fought on the Eastern Front were Russians" (PM.2000.№ 4323). For a lie, the owners of the newspaper are paid to him. But strangely sounded the words of A. Gurov on the Radio Station "Mayak" 22.02.2000 that three million citizens of the USSR fought on the side of Germany. He forgot that you first need to make sure the truth of the fact and only then disclose it. According to B. Sokolov (NG.29.10.1991), the Commission of the American General Wood, who captured the Documents of the Department of Prisoner Wearing Germans, concluded that 4 million Soviet soldiers and officers were captured and in Hitler's formations was 100 thousand people. M Semiryaga in the book "Collaborationism-Nature, Typology and Manifestations during the Second World War" (2000) wrote that, according to some information, up to 1.5 million traitors worked at German fascists (782).
The dragon is proud that he destroys "an idea of \u200b\u200bwar as a great, liberation war." September 17, 1999, at a meeting of the Senate of Poland, he said that "the so-called Great Patriotic War" "artificially, in the political and ideological purposes of the selected segment of World War II". Yu. Afanasyev assured: The name "Patriotic War" - just the Stalinist version, in fact it "was the fight of two tyrants", "Stalin was preparing for the war offensive, aggressive ... and it turns out that we did not lead your war" (AG.15.09 .1993). Taking this lie, some believes: "Ambitions of the leaders, their aggressive plans for the conquest of world domination threw millions of soldiers and peaceful countries of the USSR and Europe into the fire of the most cruel war of the 20th century" (TH.22.02.2001). Without any reasons, they put on some scales not only "ambitions of leaders", but also the Soviet soldiers who defended their homeland, and German conquerors who brought our country innumerable disasters.
Copekin, not counting the war with Germany in Patriotic War, asked "What Fatherland defended the Red Army in 1945, when she switched the border of the USSR?" (PM. 1999, No. 4262) Then we defended our homeland, Russia, she is alien to Russophobes, and therefore they refer to the "so-called" and write with a small letter. According to their logic, the Soviet troops had to approach their border and to expect when Germany gets away from the separating strikes, she will get strength and again ringed on us Bondarev wrote about the perturbation of Bonnere by sexy vacchatals "Soviet soldiers in Germany at the end of the war": "No special The reason to refute the ridiculous sensation of Mrs. Bonnere, if she had not expressed immediately that the Soviet Army had to stop the offensive in 1943, do not move the state border. But we crossed the border and instantly became ... "Patriots - Rounds", "invaders", "rapists". He explained the "very humane mistress Bonnere": if our troops would stop at the border, "the German fascism recovered from defeats in Russia can be; Would not lose war so crushing. And then, God would not give, the liberal-eloquent humanists of various destinations would have to measure the life of not the amount of broken chat tribun, but suffering and torture for barbed wire in global concentration camps and civilized equipped, comfortable for the death of crematoriums "(with p.11.03. 1999).
J. Medvedev found that "In 1941, the Red Army is really heroically ... only defended the cities that had some kind of symbolic historical Russian military glory: Brest, Odessa, Sevastopol, Leningrad and Moscow. Kiev, Minsk, Smolensk, Vilnius, Riga and many others surrendered without a fight "(PD. 18.10.1997). He strangely divided cities. In the Patriotic War, our troops over two months defended Odessa, but it is mistaken to think that in the past on the scales of historical significance, she became famous for Kiev, for which in 1941 was also a brutal battle. It is impossible to understand why Smolensk is attributed to cities that have no "historical Russian military glory," why it is said that he was given to the enemy without a fight. For the possession of this city, the battle was going on for two months, during which the "troops of the Red Army, residents of the city and its surroundings showed the greatest resistance. The fierce struggle went for every house and the street, for each settlement "(r zhukov). As shown. Stadnyuk in the novel "War", Stalin, having learned that the Germans entered Smolensk, indignantly said: "This is not a city" And the monument! The glory of the Russian man! Three hundred and more than a year ago Poles two years could not take Smolensk! Napoleon broke his teeth about him! And the Red Marshal Tymoshenko allowed the enemy to take Smolensk ... "
The deviations from the truth were needed by Medvedev for Togo "to declare: then Stalin and his associates" realized that neither "Soviet patriotism" nor the Red Army would be able to ensure victory over the German army, impregnated with the spirit of German "racial nationalism." 06/22/2000 in the program "Events" on TCC VICT. Erofeev said that "the communist ideology turned out to be insolvent." Liberals believe that "For the war with a powerful external enemy, the communist idea is powerless, the idea of \u200b\u200bNational, Russian ..." is needed. The leader of the peoples "slyly decided that the Soviet should be submitted as Russian" (O.G.2000.№ 10). K. Azadovsky and B. Egorov condemned Stalin for the fact that during the war he "opened openly with the Russian people, demonstrating his patriotism, rather Russian, rather than class-Soviet," that after 1945 he "with his click began ... To protrude the "Russian people", put it on the pedestal and raise over other nations in the USSR "(UFO.1999.№ 36, C86). A. N. Yakovlev argued another Nobrazizzitz: "Stalin despised the Russian people, sought to destroy it" (LG. No. 41.2001).
The communist idea was not powerless, but insufficient for the most successful conduct of the Patriotic War. The huge merit of Stalin is that he has connected together the strength of socialist ideology and state patriotism. Back in 1938, a patriotic film was released on the film about the victory of Alexander Nevsky over German knights in 1242 at the Lake Church, in 1937-1939. The historical film "Peter First" was created, in 1939 - "Minin and Pozharsky". The prominent leader of the Cadets Party IX Milyukov stressed in 1939: "Stalin is a brilliant politician, since he felt one most important thing for any policy: Stalin returned Russia in the channel of traditional society" (CP.4.03.2000). 04/20/1941 Dimitrov recorded Stalin's statement: "Now the national tasks for each country are on the fore." Medvedev said that "Already in August or in early September 1942, Stalin sharply changed the course of all internal politics, starting the restoration of Russian historical traditions, first of all in the army": "Traditional Russian military ranks were restored: Sergeant, Lieutenant, Captain, Major and Colonel. " But these titles of the CEC and SCA of the USSR were introduced on September 22, 1935. The return to the traditions of the old Russian army Medvedev considered nationalist reforms and gave them a negative assessment. He made a strange conclusion about the insolvent elevation of the Russian nation, which Stalin declared the "most outstanding nation of all nations belonging to the Soviet Union."
To justify its aggression against the USSR, Nazis shouted that they were fighting with communism, and not with the Russian people. The insolvency of this trick says that they attacked a number of states in which there were no communist power. The question arises: how did the German people relate to this conciliatory policy, was his wines in the monstrous ruin of many thousands of our cities and villages, in the destruction of 27,000,000 Soviet people? In 1971, the German historian S. Haffner wrote about the mood of the Germans in 1920-1930: "They had nothing against the creation of the Great German Empire ... However ... they did not see the way promising success in achieving a cherished goal. But he saw Hitler. And when later this path seemed to be real, there was almost no one in Germany, who would not be ready to go on it "(the suicide of the German Impelle 1972. P. 27-28). Many Germans considered Russia with their enemy, and Russians alien, defective people. In Germany, the habit of considering: "Their spirit is not independent ... Almost in all that it was created by Russia in external and internal affairs, they are obliged to the Germans ..." Hitler in the book "Main Campf" published his credo: "If we want to create our great German The empire, we must first of all displace and destroy the Slavic peoples - Russians, Polyakov, Chekhov, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Ukrainians, Belarusians. " His companion Borman wrote: "Slavs should work on us to the extent that we do not need them, they can die ... The reproduction of Slavs is undesirable ... education is dangerous. It is enough for them to be able to count to one hundred. "
Not in the summer of 1942, as Medvedev wrote, and in the first months of the war it became clear that the war was not only between different social systems, between "fascism and communism", but also "between the Germans and Russians, between Germany and Russia" ( PD.18.10-1997). That is why in 1941 he sent the Germans of the Volga region to Siberia and Kazakhstan. You can understand those who condemn our rulers for this eviction, probably, it would be better to understand the mood of the Soviet Germans, not consider all their potential supporters of the enemy. But at the same time, it is necessary to take into account the feverish atmosphere of that time. Who could then vouch for that the Germans - in most - would not help the German troops? Chuev wrote: "And D Petrov, who was friends with the son-in-law of Molotov, told me how during the war in the autonomous republic of the Germans, our heads were thrown into the fascist uniform. "His" met as their own - expected ... "(NS.1997.№ 5). In the artistic and documentary book "People with a clean conscience" P. Verchaigor wrote about the German colonists in Ukraine: "... Probably half of them served German intelligence. Our column took place through the farm, and almost every window shot ... percent of twenty-thirty Ukrainian and The Russian population, remaining there, were turned by German colonists ... in slaves. Slaves these from the morning to night worked in the farms of Germans. All the male population of VolksDech was armed with rifles, reduced to platforms, companies, battalions. It served as a reliable barrier of central communications running through Ukraine from Polesia. " Is it worth discounting this? V. Bykov said that the brutality of the Germans who burned the Belarusian villages were provoked by partisans. But even before the start of the war, in March 1941, leaflets were printed: "The Military Field Commander notifies that in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of N, the act of sabotage against the German army: the telephone cable is cut. In the sign of punishment of sabotues, the villagers of the village are shot, and the village burned "(Ave. 12.07.2001). In the materials of the Nuremberg process, an indicative fact was noted: "... The first punitive expedition of the Germans was carried out in the Starobinsky district in July 1941 - destroyed about 10 thousand civilians. There was not a single partisan detachment. " Those atrocities that our occupiers were doing, could not help but cause the Soviet people feeling enmity to them. In 1942, Ehrenburg wrote: "You can't serve the Germans." Hate for fascism merged with hatred for the Germans. 04/11/1945 He wrote in the "Red Star": "Everyone is running, everyone is moving, all trampled each other ... Germany is not a colossal chaka." Three days later, the article "Comrade Erenburg simplifies", Alexandrov criticized him for the fact that he did not take into account the delamination of the Germans, believing that they were all responsible for a criminal war.
The skin emphasized that this war was, the event of the "deepest and large-scale geopolitical meaning": "The Germans walked to crush us as geopolitical power, and turn into a source of raw materials and products for Europe. For Germany and, most interesting, - for all of Europe "(CP.30.12.2000). Zinoviev supported the idea that in 1941-1945. "The west of the hands of Germany tried to strangle us" (SL. 04/04/2001). This is confirmed by the facts. Goebbels wrote in 1941: "In Europe, something like one front is created, the ideas of" crusade against Russia are broken. It is very necessary for us "(VZH. 1997 № 4. p.38). German historian R. Ryrupoo noted that in 1941 compiled in May 1941, the attack on the USSR was characterized as "the protection of European culture from the Moscow-Asian flow ... such views were characteristic of even those officers and soldiers who were not convinced or enthusiastic Nazis. They also shared the ideas about the "eternal struggle" of the Germans ... On the protection of European culture from the "Asian Hordes", about the cultural vocation and the right of the Germans of the Germans in the East. The enemy images of this type were widespread in Germany, they belonged to the number of "spiritual values" (another war. 1939-1945.1996. P.363). In such ideas about Russia, there were many points of contact with the concept of Churchill, which in October 1942, when the USSR was in the hardest situation, argued that Russia, and not Germany is a true enemy of Europe, and wrote: "... A terrible catastrophe occurred, If Russian barbarism destroyed the culture and independence of the ancient European states. Although it is difficult to talk about it now, I believe that the European family of nations will be able to act a united front as a whole. " He addressed his eyes to the creation of united Europe. "This geopolitical formulation of the issue of Churchill is fully and fully complied with Hitlerovskaya: European states and nations are a single" family "opposing" barbaric Russia ". Only leaders for this "family" were offered others, which was carried out after the war "(CP.30.12.2000). It is impossible not to see that the ideas of Hitler and Churchill about the United Europe are now forced, US troops and NATO are closer to our truncated borders, are placed in Georgia and Central Asia. About what could be with us suggests the experience of Serbia, recently confused NATO.
The ReichSminster of Folk Enlightenment and Propaganda Germany Goebbels said somehow a phrase, which many and many enemies of the USSR, and later Russia - "The more lie, the more likely they believe in it ...".
And rushed! What a lie about the Second World War I have not heard! .. Whole streams of historical falsification ... in oblivion, inadmissions, from ignorance and quite consciously, intentionally. The distortion was the main topic in the modern information war. Western special services that are on the content of journalists, all sorts of military "historians" and "analysts", as well as their allies within Russia, seek by all ways to silence the greatest feat of the peoples of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War. On the "examples" supened from the finger and frankly fabricated "documents" they "prove", that there were really not heroisse, nor courage, no achievements in the field of arms production, but was only the fear of cruel power, whose representatives were driven people on Slaughter, littering the Germans to corpses.
Not blinking and eye, Western propagandists argue: "The USSR was going to attack Germany and therefore the latter had to play ahead of", "Stalin and Hitler on an equal footing guilty of inciting war", "many millions of Soviet citizens fought against the Soviet power for Hitler" .. .and so on and so forth. And it becomes more and more such a pseudoistoric sausy every year more and more ... Again, right to Dr. Goebbels: "Multiplely repeated false becomes true."
The last "fashionable" trend in the difficult thing to distort the historical truth and the detimition of the greatness of victory can, perhaps consider the large-scale falsification of data on the human losses of the USSR during the war. The theme fertilous for the West, for there is no single calculation methodology, many documents, both in Russia and in the West, are still in secret archives, and in addition - no one is having any responsibility for unreliable information about losses, so the numbers are completely Different, it seems that sometimes they are taken simply "from the ceiling." For example, they consider foreign "historians" the loss of Germany and include only servicemen in them, and in relation to the USSR, they combine the losses of civilians and servicemen and give them for the losses of the Red Army. At the same time, when calculating for the same Germany, it was randomly "missing" the losses of the armies of Romania, Hungary, Italy and Finland, although in 1941, along with Germany attacked the USSR and fought on the Soviet-German front.
Sometimes a lie turns out to be so deeply integrated in the context that only specialists can recognize it, the rest, to whom, actually, "cheating" is designed, as they say, believing for the word. Which of us is well versed in such a purely military terms as an army, division, hull? Who can, not google, call their numerical composition? Confident units. And on this, our ignorance and a lie about, for example, losses in the rifle divisions of the USSR and Germany. Comparing them, lead naked numbers, "forgetting" (again, as in the last example of the allies of Germany), clarify that the numerical composition of the German infantry division for a considerable period of war corresponded to the composition of about two Soviet rifle divisions, and the German tank corps of three Divisions had about 600-700 tanks, that is, about the same amount as much as the Soviet tank army had in its composition.
Meanwhile, the figure of the total losses of the USSR (in the interpretation of Western "historians" and a number of liberal media) by the fall of 2017 I have already reached a little up to 50 million (!!!). Against 7 million - for the first time voiced by Stalin in March 1946. At the same time, the wines are assigned mainly on the Supreme Commander and the "meditarian" cruel "Soviet military leaders who have incapable competently, with knowledge and concern about the soldiers to manage the troops. And this is against the background of completely obvious to the world winning the Red Army, against the background of heroism, unparalleled valor, humanism and humanity of her soldiers and officers!
Seeing the failure of his own lies about the progress of the Soviet military command, propagandists from the special services immediately lead the following argument that, they say, in modern Russia Everyone has long to do not care about the figures of losses and at the very history of the war, because "the young anyway, and the old just regret the dead."
And this is another lie! The youth is actively interested in history, queues are built on the thematic exhibitions and expositions, each new domestic film about the Great Patriotic War collects full cinemas, most viewers, as it is easy to guess, young people. And military historical restorations have long been evolved from a fashion trend in regular events.
It is possible that "silence", "exaggeration" and other historical perversions to someone: someone increases, so their rating, someone is gaining political glasses, and someone seeks to oblivion their own history, but all this Definitely not about Russia, whose population remembers its history, bowes before the heroism of Soviet soldiers and officers and carefully keeps the memory of the enormous victims of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.
Memoirs, memoirs ... who writes them? What memoirs can be those who fought actually? In pilots, tankers and primarily in the infantrymen? Wound - death, wound - death, injury - death – and that's all! No one was. Memoirs write those who were about the war. In the second echelon, in the headquarters. Either sales writings expressing an official point of view ...
Memoirs of the ordinary soldier of the Great Patriotic War - an event is relatively rare. A relatively low level of total literacy, the severity of the tests, the lack of time and the possibility to be in charge of what is happening, the direct prohibitions of diaries during the war - all this made the likelihood of the emergence of ordinary and sergeants extremely low. And what can remember a simple soldier, if all of his strength and energy went to carry out the task and remain alive? Private war is 500 meters to the enemy, as much in the rear, to the battalion commander and several hundred meters on the front front. This is the task of the type "reach a reference point number 3 - a sought birch, to turn and wait for orders." Everything, nothing more. Therefore, the soldiers' memoirs are primarily a story about those people who had to share the latter drill, who collected furious dust on the pockets to roll the leg, who went along the most polliplometer to the enemy and who was going to crude land ... but remember hard, Because the pain and suffering attached to each episode. In the early 1970s of the last century, Konstantin Simonov spent hundreds of hours on an interview with full cavaliers of the Order of Glory. It would seem that the well-deserved people with a mass of exploits - sit so tell! But, reading the interview, suddenly you understand that Simonov is literally ticks to pull out the story from the heroes, and only a competent question for a short time makes the veteran plunge into the past and give out some interesting details.
War is the hardest injury for the psyche of any person. Those who could not cope with her ended the life of suicide, dismissed, went to the crime. Them life Path It was short and tragic. Most fought with her until the end of life. We will leave the classification of ways to overcome military psychotraums by professional psychologists, but for 15 years of work on the site of Irember.ru, interviewing more than 2,000 people, we can celebrate several ways to which veterans are mainly resorted to preserve their identity and do not groan the war of war to destroy it:
Dissociation - separation of oneself from injury. At the same time, the story about the war turns into a solid joke and consists mainly from the search for food and drinking, funny stories about meetings with the opponent and commander.
Suppression is an active displacement of negative memories. These are the same veterans that "never talked about war." If such a person agrees to an interview, then his story is extremely cruel and filled with details.
Cancellation - the war is simply erased from the person's memory. This approach is characteristic of women participating in the war, but happens to men.
Detaching - a form of psychological protection in which negative emotional reaction It is directed not to a situation that caused a mental injury, but to objects that does not have a relationship with a psychotract. Most often it is the people with whom the veteran himself did not communicate or the situation in which he did not participate.
We will look at the last way to combat personal injury, since it is he who is brightly represented on the pages of Memoirov Nikolai Nikolayevich Nikulina "Memories of War" (State Hermitage. - 2nd ed. - SPb.: Publishing house of the State Hermitage, 2008). The author himself does not hide this:
« In this manuscript, I solved just personal problems. Returning from the war wounded, contused and depressed, I could not directly cope with it. In those days, there was no concept of "Vietnamese syndrome" or "Afghan syndrome", and psychologists did not treat us. Everyone was saved, as he could. "
Any memoirs - the thing is extremely subjective. Often they were written for one-cap, and in the task of a memoir was not to forget and not to miss a single name, so as not to offend a good person. But there are those that are written for themselves to justify their actions, "relieve the soul", and the like. Nikolai Nikulin does not hide this, reporting that he recorded his memories to explore all the abuse of war. It turned out brilliantly, but causes doubts the sincerity of the author. First of all, the rejection is a description of Nikulin people with whom the war has reduced him. If a person in the description of the author, a skilled warrior and a good specialist, he is necessarily an alcoholic, the rapist, endowed with physical disabilities, and so on. If the description of a person begins with positive qualities - wait for trouble: it is almost inevitable, as in a bad detective, there will be the last bastard. There is not a single mention of women in the war from a positive point of view - this is an exceptional object of sexual harassment. And here we must postulate again: the memoir's look is his soul look. If a person is sharpened only to see the negative, he can not see anything else. The included psychological protection in the form of disregard does not allow the author not to be objective, but forces it to look for, to savor, and sometimes you think about negative situations and actions.
Analyze these memoirs is very hard. In one form or another, we were taken for the review of his book several times, and each time it ended with nothing after several written lines. However, the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory was the degree of disputes on the value of the book to the boiling point, and we still found it necessary to speak out. In recent years, Nikulina's memories are laid out on the table in any discussion about the truthfulness of certain memories of war as the chief trump card, after which the dispute frequently transfers. Attitude towards the book from different readers is strictly the opposite: depending on the degree of enlightenment in matters military history And political addictions are either "one of the few books with the" true "truth about war," or "Dirty Paskvil, written in order to defame the memory of the soldiers of the Great Patriotic."
We attempts were made to analyze the book Nikulin solely on the basis of documents of the central archive of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation (TsAMO RF), However, the low military title and post of the author of Memoirov did not allow this task to fully and completely trace his combat path. It was possible to find a couple of mentioned Sergeant Nikulin personally, but a little later. However, the study of documents gave the overall idea of \u200b\u200bthe events described in the book, and also made it possible to obtain confirmation or refutation of some episodes.
It should be immediately said that photographic accuracy at the mention after 30 years (the book was written in 1975) dates, surnames, geographical names make it possible to assume with great confidence that the author of Memoirov led on the front diaries. It is the episodes described with their use, "Tsamo's documents are very good, but the appearance of the speech figures of the form" our colonel "," our commissioner "or" neighbor in hospital bed "should immediately try out, since they mostly promise only The repetition of the beaks, nomadic over the front, as they say, "from Barents to the Black Sea". Some of them are equipped with respect to the author with turnover ("I was told"), but the part is described on the first person.
So, let's start with the preface:
"My notes were not intended for publication. This is only an attempt to get rid of the past: just like in western countriesoh, people go to psychoanalyst, spread it their anxiety, their concerns, their secrets in the hope of healing and find peace, I turned to the paper to embroider the abuse of the memory of the memory, torment and pork to free from the memories oppressed me. Attempt for sure unsuccessful, hopeless ... "
Paper, as you know, "erase everything", and its use in psychotherapy has been tested for a long time and successfully. That's just the result of this hardest inner work, which the injured person spends over himself, pouring his experiences on paper, to endure to the public it really would not be worth it at least in its original form.
"These notes are deeply personal, written for themselves, not for an extraneous eye, and from this extremely subjective. They cannot be objective because the war has been experienced by me in almost childhood, with the complete absence of life experience, knowledge of people, with the complete absence of protective reactions or immunity from the blows of fate " .
Absolutely honest and accurate remark, which should alert those who are trying to submit a book Nikulina as the truth in the last instance and as the only truthful book about the war. However, this is just one of the views on the war, where all people are bastards, assigned and smelly, where all thoughts are only about delicious food and a warm bed, where the corpses and dirt and dirt. However, there are other points of view of people who cope with an injury in a different way or even accustomed from her. An excellent example is the memories of Mansur Abdulina "from Stalingrad to Dnieper", Vasily Brachova "armor-piercing, fire!" and many others.
"My look at the events of those years is not sent on top, not from the general bell tower, from where everything can be seen, and from the bottom, from the point of view of a soldier who crawls on the belly on front dirt, and sometimes breathing his nose into this dirt. Naturally, I saw a little and saw specifically. "
It is difficult to say whether the author violated this declaration, or he simply could not be kept from temptation to express his views on tactics and strategy, but descriptions, as it was necessary to act correctly to the commanders of all ranks, until the Supreme Commander in one situation, in the book . Here are just a couple of examples:
"... Colonel knows that the attack is useless that there will be only new corpses. Already in some divisions, only headquarters and three or four dozen people remained. There were cases when division, starting battle, had 6 – 7 thousand bayonets, and at the end of the operation, its loss was 10 – 12 thousand - at the expense of constant replenishment! And people all the time lacked! The operational map of the time is covered with parts by numbers, and there is no soldier in them ... well, if the colonel tries to think and prepare an attack, check whether everything is possible. And often he is simply bad, lazy, drunk. Often he does not want to leave warm shelter and climb under bullets ... "
"From the headquarters, on the map commanded the army General Fedyuninsky, giving divisions an approximate direction of the offensive ».
Praphrasing the famous quotation, say: "Comrade Guard Sergeant simplifies."
You can list similar knowledge of the actions of the commanders infinitely. However, let us return to the first military memoirs of the author:
"Cropped into memory scene of sending marines: right in front of our windows, which went on the Neva, drove for a pleasure boat soldiers, fully armed and equipped. They calmly waited for their turn, and suddenly a woman ran to one of them with a loud cry. She persuaded, calmed down, but unsuccessfully. Soldier by force rejuvenated by convulsively compressive hands, and she continued to cling to the storm, behind the rifle, for the gas mask bag. Boat sailed, and a woman for a long time walked sadly, hitting the head of the granite parapet of the embankment. She felt what I learned about a lot later: neither the soldiers nor the boats on which they were sent to the landing, did not return anymore. "
Here we see a mistake, typical not only for the memories of Nikolai Nikulina, but also for other memoirs when the logical construction is based on an insufficient number of facts. Yesterday's schoolboy Nikolai sees and is sharply experiencing a farewell scene. More than this boat he does not see and, most likely, it comes to him that the enemy's fire is one of the boats (maybe even this) sweeping, and those who were killed on it. Over time, these events lined up in a logical chain "Sending - Woman - Death". Perhaps Nikolai witnessed the loading of the participants of the Peterhof landing, from which almost no one really survived, but this does not give him the right to generalizations.
"Barge, meanwhile, proceeded on the Neva. On the Volkhov, they were rumored and drowned messerschmitts. The militias were sitting in the holds, whose hatches prudent bosses ordered to locate - so that good, did not eat, doves! "
It is good that in the description of the episode added with any responsibility with any responsibility for the accuracy Note "According to rumors". It is difficult to understand the logic of action of bloodthirsty and stupid commanders - in the holds under the indispensable castle, ... Volunteers of the Leningrad militia. So that you do not change my mind, forgetting that they volunteers? As in the previous case - who told about the episode to the author? Died in the locked holds of the militia, those who locked them there, or German pilots boasted? The reader of this book should be very careful, tracking the source of the author's information. Rumors, or "Sarafan Radio", is the Internet of that time. They were spontaneously born and died, and the harder there was an environment at the front, the incredible were assumptions. Even at the end of the war, there were conversations that a peace treaty would conclude with the Germans. Synkova Vera Savelievna recalls how the Germans were included in their village: "By that time, rumors went on the village - they said that those who had tiny hair would shoot. And I have, as I discharge, short hair. What to do?! There was a wooden laughter in the store, I put it on my head and began to wade home through the garden. " There were hundreds of such stories, and an attempt to build a story on them will only lead to distortion of reality.
"... what a funny sergeant:" Yeah, you know two languages! Good - go Clean the restroom! " Sergeant's lessons are remembered for life. When I confused when you turn around the right and left side, the sergeant affected me: "Here you are not university, here you need to think!"
The sergeant was supposed to be not only ridiculous, but also very observant - as he managed to appearance Krasnoarmeyman Nikulina determine what he owns two languages? Usually such details are the cause of ridicule and bullying, being mentioned not to the place - do not need to emphasize the knowledge of languages \u200b\u200bwhen they do not ask about it. Here you need to make one important clarification: Nikolay Nikulin grew up in the city, in an intelligent family and probably deprived of the opportunity to communicate with simple and small people, which in the Soviet Union of the early 40s there were most. The person who had four classes elementary school, That is, who sought something to read-write and knew simple arithmetic actions, could count on the career of the younger commander, and with a certain luck and effort - and to receive a medium-sized professional and even higher education. Life in the pre-war years was difficult, so with the upbringing of sergeants and foreman, it was not always good. And certainly, they were not for what was to love the arrogant Yuntans, grew up on everything ready and completed high SchoolFor which since 1940 it was assumed to pay.
"In August, things at the front under Leningrad were bad, the division went to the forefront, and with her together - half of our courses as replenishment. All of them soon burned in battles. "
Such generalizations are scattered in a lot of text. The author easily extomplays his personal experience Or the experience of people telling him the entire Red Army, the Soviet people and the country as a whole. Very many estimated judgments of Nikolai Nikulina are based on the factory of facts, but per unit special cases. Therefore, it takes great attention from the reader so that when studying the book, try to separate the facts from speculation and generalizations. Just another example:
"... the fate of those who got into the communication regiments was best. There they worked on radio stations until the end of the war and almost everything remained alive. The worst of all had to be credited to the Rifle Divisions: "Ah, you are radioists," they told them - here are the rifles, but the height. There are Germans! Task - capture height! "
A good memorarist still has to speak only for yourself!
"... Badaevsky Food Warehouses burned. Then we still could not know that this fire would solve the fate of a million inhabitants of the city, which would die from hunger in winter in winter – 1942 " .
Now it is already known that the fire of Badaevsky warehouses did not solve anything. There were indeed stored huge food reserves, but in reality, taking into account the supply of the entire city, they could have been enough to take a maximum of a week. Would save these products extra life, or not, it is difficult to say. Be that as it may, September 8, when the Germans bombed Badaevsky warehouses, the first barges with food were already in Leningrad in Ladog. But this is a completely different story.
Description of complicated appearance and abilities looks unsightly:
"I was a nikudny soldier. In the infantry, I would immediately be shot for an example, or I myself would die of weakness, having kwarped my head on the fire: the burnt corpses in the set remained on the site of parking parts arrived from the hungry Leningrad. In the regiment, they probably despised, but tolerated. "
"... I was already a dystrophic and stood out among the soldiers with my miserable species" ... "Over time, I combed my skinny sacred to my blood, and we were formed on the place of calculations." ... "I collected crushers and peels near warehouses, kitchens - in one word where I could. "
"For me, the time was a turning point of life. There I was killed and crushed. There I gained absolute confidence in the inevitability of my own death. But there was my revival in the new quality. I lived as in delusions, badly thinking, badly giving myself a report in what is happening. The mind like Zaluh and barely warm in my hungry, exhausted body. "
"... In gratitude for the service, the head of the dining room gave us a big Chan with union, remaining from the officer breakfast. We devoured them with delight, despite the cigarettes, occasionally falling around in Pearl Kashe. "
"... a fallen, swollen, dirty dystrophic, I could not work as you should work, did not have a cheerfulness or gauge. My pathetic figure expressed only sad despair. Congratulations on arms either silently disapproval snapping and turned away from me, or expressed their feelings with a strong mate: "That is imposed on the unname to our neck!"
Judging by the scattered in the book, then there are descriptions of relationships with colleagues, Nikolai Nikulin not only did not use the authority, but was at least the object of ridicule, but as a maximum despise. The male army team is a very hard environment, and if it makes up so that "Parash's place", then you can get out of this place only by changing the part that the author and can be detected at the end of the war. So it is not surprising that colleagues do not like someone who is useless for them and whose share of difficulties they have to take over. There is nothing surprising and that this dislike is mutual, and that is why all people from Nikolai Nikulina look unsightly - as they say, Alaverda!
"... Now this operation, as" not having success, "is forgotten. And even General Fedyuninsky, who commanded the 54th Army, she shyly silent about her in his memoirs, mentioning, rightly, that it was "the most difficult, the most severe time" in his military career ».
We are talking about an unsuccessful Lyuban operation conducted in January-April 1942. That's just General Fedyuninsky in his memoirs does not silent about failure, but devotes to her whole chapter of his book "Raised Alarm" with an eloquent name "That could not happen," where makes the reasons for the failure of this attempt to release Leningrad. The book of Memoirov General Fedyuninsky was written in 1961, 15 years before the former Sergeant Nikulin sat his memories.
"... The weather station, allegedly, took from the go, at the end of December, when for the first time approached these places. But in the station buildings turned out to be a stock of alcohol, and the parked heroes were cut out by the people by the people. Since then, all attempts to break through the collapse. The story is typical! How many times later I had to hear it in different time And in different parts of the front! "
One of the most common front-line lads that went through all parts of the front, which has no documentary evidence. It competes with her popularity about the tanks specially left by the German tanks with alcohol, whose seizure allows them to immediately knock off the settlement back, since everyone came across. Could not pass by Nikulin, this story emerged already when describing events last year Wars:
"... I came to the basement when there was a puddle on the knee on the concrete floor, the air filled with alcohol couples was drunk. Somehow in the liquid we visited cotton pants and the earlings of the choked lovers of drinking " .
As mentioned, not in the book Nikolai Nikulina, not a single respectful mention of a woman in war. All of them look either by wordless sexy slaves, or conscious women of easy behavior:
"... Hungry soldiers ... It was not to the women, but the bosses achieved her by any means, from a coarse push to the most exquisite courts. ... And the girls went home with the adding family. Someone was looking for himself ... it happened worse. I was told how a certain colonel of wolves arranged the female replenishment and, passing along the building, took the beauties that faced him. These became its PPH, and if they resisted - on the lip, in a cold dug, on bread and water! Then the crumb went hands, got to different moms and chamma. In the best Asian traditions! "
The fate of women at the front was most often very difficult, and after the war they got it - almost ten years of the words "Frontovichka" and "whore" were practically synonymous. That's what another veteran Vasily Pavlovich Pruhov recalled this: "In general, my attitude towards women has always been the most touching. After all, I myself had five sisters, which I always defeated. Therefore, I was very attentive to girls. After all, girls suffered something like?! It was harder for him in a hundred times than us, men! Especially disappointing for the nurser-nurses. They traveled on the tanks, from the battlefields were taken out and, as a rule, they received a medal "for military merit" - one, second, third. We laughed that I got "for sex swells." From the girls rarely, who the Order of the Red Star had. And those who are closer to the commander's body. And after the war, how did they relate to them?! Well, imagine: we have a thousand two hundred personnel in a brigade. All men. All young. All wedged wedges. And on the whole brigade sixteen girls. One did not like, the second did not like it, but I liked someone, and she begins to meet with him, and then live. And the rest envy: "Ah, she is so-shy. PPG. " Many good girls weakened. Like this". Since Nikolai Nikulin from those who did not get on the front of the female caress, it is regretful to state that in his memoirs he rose on the path of the most "putting" of all 800,000 women participating in the war.
"At the beginning of the war, the German armies entered our territory as a split knife into the oil. To slow down their movement, there was no other means, how to pour blood the blade of this knife. Gradually, he began rust and stupid and moved everything slower. And blood flowed and flowed. So burned the Leningrad militia. Two hundred thousand best, color of the city.
The total number of combat part of the Leningrad militia amounted to about 160,000 people, while not doubt that parts of the militia managed to survive. For example, Daniel is branched, who fought to the victory itself and is alive. He fought in the Leningrad army of the national militia and actor Boris Blinov, the executor of the Furmanov role in Chapaev. He survived in July battles, was evacuated to Kazakhstan with a film studio "Lenfilm", managed to play "Wait for me" and died in 1943 from abdominal typhus.
"... and a hundred Ivanov gets up, and a grain of deep snow under the crossways of German machine guns. And the Germans in the warm jews, full and drunk, arrogant, everything was provided, everyone was calculated, everyone was shot and hit, beat, as in a dash. However, and enemy soldiers were not so easy. Recently, one German veteran told me that among the machine gunners of their regiment there were cases of insanity: it is not so easy to kill people a number of people behind - and they all go and go, and there is no end. "
Viewing this episode, we will not dwell on the mentioned generalizations already several times. Surprisingly, the memories of former German soldiers often look absolutely the same, only in them it is "Ivana" perfectly equipped, fed and occupy equipped positions. Apparently, well where we are not?
"... The shelves lost orientation in the deaf forest, did not go there, where necessary. Rifles and automata were often not shot due to frost, artillery beat on an empty place, and sometimes in his own. Shells lacked ... The Germans knew everything about the movements of our troops, their composition and numbers. They had excellent airflow, radio equipment and much more » .
Of course, the Wehrmacht was a very strong opponent, in many ways who exceeded RKKA in his combat capabilities. However, to make from German soldiers and officers of cyborgs, seeing the location of the Red Army through at least rashly. German documents, as well as ours, are filled with reports about the poor interaction of the childbirth of the troops, finding the extension, a bad organization of staff and intelligence work. If the Germans were all-in-law, then the defeat of them near Moscow would simply be as if victory would not have happened. The question arises: where in 1975 the former Sergeant Nikulin knows about German airflow, radio personch and other? Moreover, Nikulin contradicts himself, leading below in the text of the memory of a German soldier:
"We did not have winter clothes, only lightweight stones, and at a temperature -40, even -50 degrees in wooden bunkers with an iron stove there were little heat. As we all withstood it, remains a mystery so far. "
IN again We face an attempt to a memoirist not to deal with those hard experiences that they accompanied his life at the front, but to burn out the wall of common phrases and meaningless generalizations.
"... I learned how our commander I. I. Fedyunsky is talking to the Division Commanders:" Your mother! Forward!!! We will not come - shoot! Yo Mama! Attack! Yo Mama!" ... two years ago, the elderly Ivan Ivanovich, good grandfather, told on the TV to the Octames about the war completely in other colors ... "
Interestingly, the author puts on one board of commanders who are not able to fulfill the order, and children of younger school age. Apparently, General Fedyunsky was supposed to speak in both cases equally, that's just incomprehensible, how exactly?
"... Valenki changed to shoes with windings - an idiotic device, all the time unwinding and hanging on the legs."
Adherents of shoes with windings in the infantry was quite a lot. Many war veterans noted that in the conditions of the off-season windings, playing the role of Erzats-top, showed themselves better than boots. Remembers the glamnotes Anatoly Yakovlevich: "The windings are good - the snow does not fall, dry quickly." Osipov Sergei Nikovich ends him: "When we came to the Katie shoe plant, the Czechs offered us to exchange our boots with windings for free. But none of the soldiers wanted to shoot the windings, because the boots are working the legs, and the windings are very comfortable on the march. " Maybe they just needed to learn how to get out correctly?
"... After becoming a sniper, I, however, was appointed commander of the branch of automatic gunners, as it was not enough younger commanders. Here I had enough hot to tears. As a result, the branch ceased to exist. The service in the infantry was moved with business trips to artillery. We were given a trophy 37-millimeter gun, and I, as a former artilleryman (!?), Became a member there. When this gun was broken, they brought the domestic forty stock, I "covered it" with her. Such is the story of my glorious service in the 311st s. D. During the Mgin Operation of 1943.
It would seem - that's what you need to write! As I went to "hunting", how to led battles. Who are those people who went to our land, and why they are not listed in order? And most likely because there was no choice. According to the alphabetical book of the accounting of an ordinary and sergeant composition of the 1067th Rifle Regiment of the 311st Rifle Division, stored in the Divisional Fund in the archive of the Ministry of Defense (inventory 73 646, it's 5) Junior Sergeant N. N. Nikulin Ranned 08/23/1943 and out of part . The specified military accounting specialty of the wounded (VUS) is No. 121. According to the list of military specialties, this is a sanitary or a sanitary instructor, but not a sniper or a gunner. This is one mention of the author in documents of parts and connections in which he had a chance to fight.
The second episode also contradicts Nikulina's memories. He writes that "has become his" in the 534th individual health company due to a series of injuries, and in the end, after one of them, and remained in the staff of the company in the post of senior position (in fact - an administrative and economic position) . The surviving order in the 48th Guards Heavy Gobby Artillery Brigade dated August 31, 1944 (Fund 48th GW.TGABR, OP.2, D.2, L.116) reports to exclude with the satisfaction of personnel. At the end of the list after the dead, missing and wounded, there is a list of declining disease, and the last line says: "…eighteen. The radio telegraphist of the senior 1st battery of the GW. ml. Sergeant Nikulina N. N. - in 543 MSR from 08/31/1944 " . Here is such a not quite a heroic departure with advanced, which has no place in truthful memoirs.
"Before the battles we were given a divisional banner. ... passing in front of the building, the colonel searched for two assistants to accompany the banner. ... the most suitable was unexpectedly ... I probably because of my numerous medals and the guards icon. "
In 1943, the author had no guards title, nor "numerous medals" - he will receive the first medal "for courage" in July, in July 1944. Maximum that Nikolai Nikulin could get by the summer of 1943, - Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad", established in December 1942, was she rare among the soldiers who fought on the same section of the front?
"... Once in the frosty winter day of 1943, our Colonel aroused me and said:" It is planned to qualify for troops ... take two soldiers, products for a week and go to take in advance good earthwood For headquarters. If in a week we will not arrive, go back. "
What position should have occupied the younger sergeant Nikulin, so that "our colonel" from somewhere?
"This is how one medical sister told that she ... I saw:" ... Suddenly, a German fighter fell out of the clouds, low, on the cracking flight flew over the clearing, and the pilot, leaning out of the cockpit, was made methodically shot with automatic fire spread on Earth, helpless people. . It was seen that the machine in his hands is Soviet, with a disc! "
Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov, apparently, decided to creatively process and use this episode in his picture "tired by the Sun-2", where the arrows of the German bombarder decides to "bomb" transport with evacuated own excrement. I would try to knock out from the cockpit flying at a speed of 300-400 kilometers at an hour of the fighter some part of the body - perhaps I would not be able to read foolish bikes to read and watch the same stupid cinema.
"It was impossible to avoid monstrous victims 1941 – 1942? Do without meaningless, pre-doomed at the failure of attacks, Sinyavino, Nevsky Dubrovka and many other similar places? "
Apparently, it was possible. Or it is impossible. In any case, this is not included in the competence of Sergeant Nikulina, whose look "On the events of those years are not sent on top, not from the general bell tower, from where everything can be seen, and from the bottom, from the point of view of the soldier" . By the way, as an excuse of Nikulina, it is worth mentioning that with the place of his war he was not lucky - approximately like the unfortunate Canadians of 1917 under Paskendhal, or Russian soldiers of the autumn of 1916 in a Cauccian dead end. Positioning war, "Fights for the Lesnik's hut", promotion is 30 meters after a three-week artillery training. Alas, Nikulin, like his colleagues, was in hell.
It is difficult to judge the professional qualities of the post-war art historian Nikulina, but the fact that he is unreasonably boldly takes on mathematical calculations, obviously. Here is his method of calculating the losses of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War:
"I can not judge about global statistics. 20 or 40 million, maybe more? I only know what I saw. My "native" 311th Rifle Division missed them over the years of war about 200 thousand people. (According to the last chief, the construction of Neretina.) It means 60 thousand killed! And there were more than 400 divisions. The arithmetic is simple ... The wounded mostly cured and again fell to the front. It all started at first. In the end, two or three times passing through the meat grinder, died. Thus, several generations of the most healthy, most active men were completely crossed out of life, first of all Russians. And defeated? The Germans lost 7 million in general, of which only some of them are, though, the largest, on the eastern front. So, the ratio of those killed: 1 to 10, or even more - in favor of defeated. Wonderful victory! This ratio pursues me all life as a nightmare. Mountains of corpses, under time, under Sinyavino and everywhere, where they had to fight in front of me. According to official data, one square meter of some areas of Nevsky Dubrovka accounts for 17 killed. Corpses, corpses " .
Please note that the author himself refuses to have the right to make such statements ("I can not judge"), but I immediately forget about it. If you take the minimum sizes of the "Nevsky Piglet" of all mentioned in the literature, i.e. 1000 350 meters, and multiply by 17, it will be 6,000,000 dead Soviet soldiers. Is it not enough to describe the actions of the radical commander, maybe you need to add more?
"It turns out that rational Germans and everything took into account everything. Their veterans clearly differ in the degree of participation in the battles. In the documents there are different categories of the front: I. - The first trench and neutral strip. These are honored (in the war there was a special sign for participating in attacks and hand-to-hand, for banging tanks, etc.). II. - artposition, mouth and battalions headquarters. III - Other frontal rear. At this category are dipped. " .
There is a complete ignorance of the realities of the life of German veterans of the Second World War after the war or conscious distortion of facts. The Denazification process in the post-war German society, both in the GDR and Germany, led to the fact that the former soldiers of the Wehrmacht, not to mention the SS, has developed a common attitude as war criminals, and no one thought to honor them. It is not worth talking about any benefits or military pensions - time military service In the Hitler's army, they simply started in general work experience. What documents and categories are Nikulin's speech?
"... the stereotrub was stood our commander - a stately, beautiful young colonel. Freshly dried, ruddy, smelling cologne, in a smooth gymnasther. After all, he slept in a comfortable covered car with a stove, and not in the hole. He had no land in her hair, and the lice did not eat him. And for breakfast he was not the Balant, but a well-roasted potato with american stew. And he was an educated artilleryman, graduated from the Academy, knew his business. In 1943, there were very few such, since most shot in 1939 – 1940, the rest died in forty-first, and on command posts were the chance of people who came to the surface. "
If you abstract from envy and hatred for commanders, which do not look like the author, it is worth setting only one question: how did this red army survive before the appearance of handsome colonels? Is it really "people who came to the surface of the surface" and semi-argent sergeants fought against the Germans, and fought, despite all the mistakes, not bad? Or didn't all be shot? But the colonel could be a lieutenant in 1941, and he didn't get to the academy just like that. I would not be surprised if it turns out that in those years, when Nikulin was in school, the colonel already "pulled the strap" in the artillery school of the drug addict. But such trifles of the author do not worry, concerns the other:
« Swollen from hunger, you bumble empty balanta - water with water, and next officer eats oil. He is supposed to be a special package yes for him, Catentarmus steals products from the soldier's boiler ».
"... Memoirs, memoirs ... who writes them? What memoirs can be those who fought actually? In pilots, tankers and primarily in the infantrymen? Wound - death, wound - death, injury - death –and that's all! No one was. Memoirs write those who were about the war. In the second echelon, in the headquarters. Either the sales writings, which expressed the official point of view, according to which we cheerfully won, and the evil fascists have fallen thousands, fought by our fairy flame. Simonov, "Honest Writer", what did he see? He was shown on the submarine, he went into the attack with infantry, time - with scouts, looked at art preparation - and now he already saw everything "and" I experienced everything "! (Others, however, did not see this.) I wrote with aplomb, and all this is a gluable lies. And Sholokhovskoe "they fought for their homeland" - just agitat! About small bowls and talking not to say. "
Strange logic. First, by the time of writing, Nikulin's memories was published enough of the people of people, about which even then it was known, where and how they fought. There were among them and pilots, and tankers, and even the infantrymen were. Yes, not everyone possessed such a literary gift as Nikulin, yes, many memoirs were processed by professional writers. Finally, some of the memoirs (for example, the famous "tanker's memories" of the city of Penezko), more reminiscent of Baron Münhghausen's bikes, but there were also true books that "fight" even on documents that their authors simply could simply be available. As for the attacks on Sholokhov, let them remain on the conscience of the author, the memories of Konstantin Simonov about the war were read by many. What is his wines in front of Niculin - it is incomprehensible. Probably, the millenndant of the 2nd rank, the correspondent of the "Red Star" and the husband of Valentina Serovoy should be descended, feed the lice and eat caustic. Then his memories of war, of course, in the eyes of Nikulina would immediately be worthy of respect. By the way, about the "small bowls": when Nikuline adds memoirs, Konstantin Sparrow, the author "killed near Moscow," the star of Vyacheslav Kondratyev, who bunked grief in Rzhev's meat grinder, wounded and, in the end, demobilized earned . His first story "Sasha" came out only in 1979. With horror, I will imagine what Nikolai Nikulin wrote. Could it break out such lines from his feather? Very doubtful:
"They came running soon - the root, depleted from the run, the pilots have a slightly lap, the waist with the tarp redarmerary belts are dragging, the stakes are fitted, and smells from them, Muscovites, in one word ... Brought a mug of boiling water, in which it sugar a piece of chickens Bucked, loaf of the bread of gray Moscow, more precisely, not loaf, and the Baton is so big, a few packs of concentrates made of storms (and finally the sausage of a half-hour kilogram.
"You eat, eat ..." They said, cutting a loaf, sausage and stretching to him sandwiches, and he could not eat and disagree.
And here they sat down near Sasha on both sides. From one will move away - to the other close, no matter how they scored from it. And Sasha erzal, and, of course, it does not come to mind, which he moves everything from them. Castle near Sasha, pull - one mug holds while he is accepted for bread, another sausage cuts into this time. And itifies from them a freshness and homely, only the shape of the military for itself speaks - they are waiting for the front-line roads, unknown, and therefore, they are still a nail, they are even more expensive.
- Why are you at war, girls? No need ...
- What do you! Is it possible to stop in the rear when all our boys are fighting? I am ashamed ...
- So you voluntarily?
- Of course! All the thresholds at the military registration and enlistment office, "answered one and laughed. - Remember, tonya, as a military regime at first ...
"Yeah," the other laughed.
And Sasha, looking at them, smiled unwittingly, but the bitter went out smile - they don't know anyone else's love, an attachment for them is a war, as what an adventure is watching, and the war is completely different ...
Then one of them, looking straight to Sasha in the eyes, asked:
- Tell me ... Only the truth, I will definitely truth. Is scary there?
"Scary, girls," Sasha replied very seriously. - And you need to know this ... so that they were ready.
- We understand, we understand ...
They rose, began to say goodbye, the train of them is about to move away. Hands stretched out, and Sasha is shy to appreciate - black, burned, dirty, - but they are not attention to it, they hise yourself with their thin fingers, from which another manicure did not go, the rough Sashkin paw, the early recovery wish, and Sasha has a heart with blood bleed : Something with these glorious girls will be, what kind of fate is waiting for the front? "
By the way, we note that in the story of Kondratieva (in this and later there is dirt, and lice, and hunger, and semi-faceted mediocre commanders, but no hatred of all living and fierce desires, it is his personal look at the war to impose all as the only one The correct (with constant and flirting reservations about subjectivity). It is difficult to believe that Nikulin from 1975 before the publication of his book in 2007 was in disagreement regarding new literary works, and new historical research. Obviously, he formulated everything for himself and forever.
You can still learn the quotes from Memoirov Nikolai Nikulina (the excerpts given above are taken from about the first third of the book), to disassemble where his personal knowledge, and where the untested rumors, which he in his inner conviction rates the truth. But the occupation is ungrateful, and the author himself can no longer answer our reproaches. When analyzing his memories, we, first of all, wanted to note their psychotherapeutic role for the author. It seems to us that the entire accumulated bitterness of the battle on paper, Nikolay Nikolayevich thus noticeably extended his life, getting rid of the suffering, which he had caused memories of war. Whatever we write about his book "Memories of War", this does not cancel the fact that it is one of the important sources on the history of the Great Patriotic War. Tests that fell to the share of Nikulina and in a terrible dream did not dream of any of us and may have broken any of both physically and mentally. Nikolai Nikolayevich Nikulin, like millions of our compatriots, passed almost the entire war, finished it in Berlin in the rank of sergeant Guard, awarded two medals "for courage" and the Order of the Red Star. His memories of war - just a touch to the huge and tragic canvase, which he, the great connoisseur of art, considered under its unique an angle of view. He understood that his view was just one of the possible interpretations of the grand historical event, which was war. Neither the absolutization of this view as the only right nor the denial of the right to exist in any way is not allowed, and the book of Nikolai Nikulina will remain one of the many votes, mutilated war. In any case, for completeness of the picture, the interested reader should not limit himself only by this source of knowledge.
The authors thank Artem Drabkin for help in working on reviewJune 22 will be 70 years from the date of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. For a long time, the fame of other "great accomplishments" of the Soviet era - the October Socialist Revolution, collectivization, industrialization and construction of "developed socialism", and the unparalleled feat of the people in a brutal war with Nazi Germany remains the subject of his legal pride.
However, it's time to realize that the Great Victory does not need a lie, poured on it thanks to the Soviet Agitprope and continuing to broadcast on post-Soviet space Until now, and it is understood that the purification of the history of the Great Patriotic War from Insinations will not be impaired by the feat of the people, will allow to identify true, and not the dodged, appointed heroes and show all the tragic and greatness of this epocal event.
In what war we participated
According to the official version, the war for the USSR began on June 22, 1941 in speech that sounded on the radio June 3, 1941, and then in the report on the occasion of the 24th anniversary of the October Revolution (October 6, 1941) Stalin called two factors that In his opinion, they led to our failures at the first time of the war:
1) the Soviet Union lived a peaceful life, while maintaining neutrality, and the armed German army armed and to the teeth was treacherously attacked on June 22 on a peace-loving country;
2) Our tanks, guns and airplanes are better than German, but we had them very little, much less than that of the enemy.
These theses are cynical and arrogance, which does not prevent them from switching from one political and "historical" labor to another. In one of the last, published in the USSR in 1986 by the Soviet encyclopedic dictionary Read: "Second world War (1939-1945) prepared by the forces of the international imperialist reaction and began as a war between the two coalitions of imperialist powers. In the future, it became taken from all states that fought against the countries of the fascist bloc, the nature of the fair, anti-fascist war, which was finally determined after the USSR entry into the war (see the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945). " The thesis about the peaceful Soviet people, with a trusting and naive T. Stalyna, who first threw the English and French imperialists, and then infant and treacherously deceived the villain Hitler, almost unchanged in the heads of many people and the writers of the post-Soviet "scientists" of Russia, Belarus, And Ukraine.
Throughout his own, fortunately, a relatively short history, the Soviet Union was never a peace-loving country in which the children were "peacefully slept." Failure in an attempt to inflate the fire of the world revolution, the Bolsheviks made a conscious bet on the war as a main tool for solving their political and social tasks both within the country and beyond. They intervene in most major international conflict (in China, Spain, Vietnam, Korea, Angola, Afghanistan ...), helping money, weapons and so-called volunteers to the organizers of the national liberation struggle and communist Movement. The main goal of the country in the country since the 30s of industrialization was the creation of a powerful military-industrial complex and a well-armed Red Army. And we must admit that this goal is hardly the only one that the Bolshevik authorist managed to achieve. It is not at all by chance, speaking with a speech at the Pervomaisa parade, which, according to the "peace-loving" tradition, opened up with a military parade, the People's Defense of the K. Voroshilov said: "The Soviet people not only knows how, but also loves to fight!".
By June 22, 1941, the "peace-loving and neutral" USSR has already participated in World War II for almost two years, and participated as an aggressor country.
By signing on August 23, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Covenant, who divided the most of Europe between Hitler and Stalin, the Soviet Union on September 17, 1939 began the invasion of Poland. At the end of September 1939, 51% of Polish territory was "reunited" from the USSR. At the same time, with respect to the military personnel of the Polish army, the expedited German invasion and practically non-resisted parts of the Red Army, a lot of crimes was committed - one Katyn cost the Poles of almost 30 thousand lives of officers. Even more crimes committed Soviet occupiers in relation to civilians, especially Polish and Ukrainian nationalities. Before the beginning of the war, the Soviet government at the reunited territories tried almost all the peasant people (and this is the overwhelming majority of inhabitants of Western Ukraine and Belarus) to drive into the collective farms and state farms, offering a "voluntary" alternative: "collective farm or Siberia". Already in 1940, numerous echelons with deported Poles, Ukrainians and a few later Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians moved to Siberia. The Ukrainian population of Western Ukraine and Bukovina, which at first (in 1939-40) Massovo met the Soviet soldiers with flowers, hoping for liberation from the national oppression (from the side, respectively, Poles and Romanians), on its own bitter experience, experienced all the delights of Soviet power. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that in 1941, the Germans celebrated the flowers here.
On November 30, 1939, the Soviet Union began a war with Finland, for which he was recognized as an aggressor and excluded from the League of Nations. This "unknown war" in a strong disagreeable Soviet propaganda, lies with the immemorous disgrace for the reputation of the country of Soviets. Under the contrived pretext of mythical military danger, Soviet troops invaded Finnish territory. "Smelling from the face of the Finnish adventurers! It is time to destroy the vile goat, which dared to threaten the Soviet Union! " - So wrote on the eve of this invasion journalists in the main party newspaper "True". I wonder what military threat to the USSR could represent this "goat" with a population of 3.65 million people and a poorly armed army of 130 thousand people.
When the Red Army passed the Finnish border, the ratio of the forces of warring parties, according to official data, was: 6.5: 1 in personnel, 14: 1 in artillery, 20: 1 in aviation and 13: 1 in tanks in favor of the USSR. And then the "Finnish Miracle" happened - instead of a quick victorious war, Soviet troops in this "winter war" suffered one defeat after another. According to the estimates of the Russian military historians ("The vulture of secretly removed. Losses of the Armed Forces of the USSR in wars, combat actions and conflicts" ed. Kryvosheeva, M.: Milivdat, 1993), the minimum losses of the Red Army during the Finnish campaign amounted to 200 thousand people. Finnish war has become the first disturbing call, which showed all the rottenness of the Soviet Empire and the complete notice of its party, state and military leadership. Everything in the world is coming in comparison. Ground troops of Soviet allies (England, USA and Canada) in the battles for the liberation of Western Europe - from landing in Normandy before entering Elbe - lost 156 thousand people. In 1940, the occupation of Norway in 1940 cost Germany at 3.7 thousand dead and missing soldiers, and the defeat of the Army of France, Belgium and Holland - in 49 thousand people. Against this background, horrific losses of the Red Army in the Finnish war look eloquently.
Consideration of the "peace-loving and neutral" policy of the USSR in 1939-1940. Causes another serious question. Who did she study in those days of agitation and propaganda methods - Stalin and Molotol at Hitler and Goebbels, or vice versa? Amazes the political and ideological proximity of these methods. Hitlerian Germany implemented Austry Anchlus and the occupation at the beginning of the Sundaan region, and then the whole of the Czech Republic, reuniting in a single Reich Earth with the German population, and the USSR occupied half the territory of Poland under the pretext of reunification into a single state of the "fraternal Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples." Germany captured Norway and Denmark, in order to protect themselves from the attack of "English aggressors" and ensure the smooth delivery of Swedish iron ore, and the Soviet Union under a similar pretext of the security of the borders occupied the countries of the Baltic States and tried to capture Finland. So in general, the peaceful policy of the USSR was looking at the 1939-1940, when Hitler's Germany was preparing to attack the "neutral" Soviet Union.
Now another thesis of Stalin: "The story did not let us go enough time, and we did not have time to mobilize and technically prepared for a treacherous attack." It's a lie.
Declassified in the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR, documents convincingly show the true picture of the "unpretentiousness" of the country to war. At the beginning of October 1939, according to the official Soviet report, the Soviet Air Force Park was 12,677 aircraft and exceeded the total number of military aviation of all participants in the World War. According to the number of tanks (14544), the Red Army has almost twice the army of Germany (3419), France (3286) and England (547), taken together for this moment. The Soviet Union has significantly exceeded the warring countries not only in quantity, but also by the quality of weapons. In the USSR, by the beginning of 1941, they produced the world's best fighter-interceptor fighter-3, the best guns and tanks (T-34 and square meters), and from June 21 - the first in the world reactive installations volley fire (Famous "Katyusha").
Does not correspond to the reality and approval that by June 1941 Germany secretly pulled troops and combat technique By the borders of the USSR, ensuring a significant advantage in military equipment, having prepared a treacherous sudden attack on a peaceful country. According to German data confirmed by European military historians (see "Second World War" ed. R. Cholms, 2010, London), June 22, 1941. The three millionth army of German, Hungarian and Romanian soldiers was prepared for the attack on the Soviet Union, at the disposal which was four tank groups with 3266 tanks and 22 fighter airgroups (66 squadrons), which included 1036 aircraft.
According to the declassified Soviet data, on June 22, 1941, on the Western borders, the aggressor was opposed by three and a half million red army with seven tank corps, which included 11029 tanks (more than 2,000 tanks already in the first two weeks were additionally entered into battle under Shepetovka, Lepel and Daugavpils) and with 64 fighter airlines (320 squadrons), which are in service with 4,200 aircraft, to which 400 aircraft transferred on the fourth day of war, and by July 9, another 452 more aircraft. Over the numerical composition of the enemy by 17% of the Red Army on the border had an overwhelming superiority in military equipment - almost four times in tanks and five times on combat aircraft! The opinion is not true that the Soviet mechanized parts were equipped with obsolete technique, and the Germans are new and efficient. Yes, in the tank Soviet units at the beginning of the war there were really many tanks of obsolete structures BT-2 and BT-5, as well as light tanks T-37 and T-38, but at the same time almost 15% (1600 tanks) accounted for the most modern average And heavy tanks - T-34 and KV, equal to which the Germans did not have at that time. Nazis from 3266 tanks had 895 tanks and 1039 light tanks. And only 1146 tanks could be attributed to the category of medium. And tankets and lungs german tanks (PZ-II Czech production and PZ-III E) significantly inferior in their technical and tactical characteristics even outdated soviet tanks, and the best German average tank PZ-III J did not go to any comparison with T-34 (about comparing with a heavy tank of kV speak pointlessly).
The version of the suddenness of the Wehrmacht attack does not look convincing. Even if you agree with the stupidity and naivety of the Soviet party and military leadership and personally, Stalin, categorically ignoring these intelligence and western special services and viewed deployment at the borders by the three millionth enemy army, and then, with a military technician who are available at the disposal, the unity of the first strike could be successfully successful For 1-2 days and a breakthrough at a distance of no more than 40-50 km. Further, in all the laws of hostilities, temporarily retreated Soviet troops, using their overwhelming advantage in military equipment, should literally crush the aggressor. But events on the Eastern Front developed at a completely different, tragic scenario ...
Catastrophe
Soviet historical science divided the history of the war for three periods. The first period of interest was given to the first period of war, especially the summer campaign of 1941. Skupo explained that the success of the Germans were summoned by the suddenness of the attack and unprepared by the USSR to war. In addition, as it was expressed in his report T. Lalin (October 1941): "For each step of deep into the Soviet territory, Wehrmacht paid gigantic irreplaceable losses" (a number of 4.5 million killed and wounded was named, in two weeks in an advanced article The newspapers "True" this figure of German losses increased to 6 million people). What happened actually at the beginning of the war?
From dawn on June 22, the troops of the Wehrmacht rushed across the border almost all over its length - 3000 km from the Baltic to the Black Seas. The Red Army armed to the teeth was broken over a few weeks and was thrown by hundreds of kilometers from Western borders. By mid-July, the Germans occupied all Belarus, took caption of 330 thousand Soviet soldiers, capturing 3332 tanks and 1809 guns and other numerous military trophies. In almost two weeks, the entire Baltic was captured. In August-September 1941, in the hands of Germans there was a majority of Ukraine - in the Kiev boiler, the Germans were surrounded and captured 665 thousand people, captured 884 tanks and 3718 guns. The German group of the Army Center "Center" by the beginning of October came out almost the outskirts of Moscow. In the boiler near Vyazma, the Germans captured another 663 thousand prisoners.
According to German data, a scrupulously filtered and refined after the war, for 1941 (the first 6 months of the war), the Germans captured 3806865 Soviet soldiers, captured or destroyed 21 thousand tanks, 17 thousand aircraft, 33 thousand guns and 6, 5 million small arms.
Declassified in the post-Soviet time military archives generally confirm the volumes of abandoned and captured by the enemy military equipment. As for human losses, they are very difficult to calculate them in wartime, moreover, for obvious reasons, in modern Russia this topic is practically published. And yet, the comparison of data from military archives and other documents of that era allowed some of the Russian historians aspiring to truth (Kryvosheev, M. Solonin, etc.) with a sufficient degree of accuracy to determine that in 1941, except for passing 3 , 8 million people, the Red Army suffered direct fighting losses (killed and died from wounds in hospitals) - 567 thousand people, wounded and sick - 1314 thousand people, deserters (abandoned from captivity and front) - from 1 up to 1.5 million people And missing or wounded, brought under panic escape - about 1 million people. The last two digits are defined from the comparison of the personnel of the Soviet military units on June 22 and December 31, 1941, taking into account the accurate human replenishment data for this period.
As of January 1, 1942, according to Soviet data, 9147 German soldiers and officers were captured (415 times less than Soviet prisoners of war!). German, Romanian and Hungarian losses in the lively strength (killed missing, wounded, sick) in 1941 amounted to 918 thousand people. - Most of them accounted for the end of 1941 (five times less than voiced in their report T. astal).
Thus, the first months of war on the Eastern Front led to the defeat of the Red Army and the almost complete collapse of the political and economic system created by the Bolsheviks. As shown by human losses, abandoned military equipment and captured by the enemy huge territoriesThe sizes of this catastrophe are unprecedented and completely dispel the myths about the wisdom of the Soviet party leadership, the high professionalism of the officer's corps of the Red Army, the courage and perseverance of Soviet soldiers and, the main, devotion and love of the homeland of ordinary Soviet people. The army was practically crumpled after the very first powerful blows of the German parts, the highest party and military leaders were confused and showed its complete incompetence, the officer corps were not ready for serious battles and in a significant majority, to turn his parts and combat equipment, fled from the battlefield or surrendered to the Germans ; Officers left by officers, demoralized Soviet soldiers surrendered to the fascists or hid from the enemy.
The direct confirmation of the drawn gloomy picture is the decrees of Stalin, published by him in the first weeks of the war immediately after he managed to cope with a shock from a terrible catastrophe. Already on June 27, 1941, a decree was signed on the creation of notorious barrier detachments in the army parts (ZO). In addition to the existing special detachments of the NKVD, the ZO has existed in the Red Army to the fall of 1944. Barrifying detachments, having had in every rifle division, were located at regular parts and detained or shot on the place of the falsy warriors. In October 1941, the 1st deputy head of the Office of Special Departments of the NKVD Solomon Milshtein reported to the NKVD Minister of Lavrentia Beria: "From the beginning of the war on October 10, 1941, 65,7364 military personnel, who retain and fledging from the front detain from the beginning of the NKVD. In total, during the war years, according to Soviet official data, the military tribunals condemned 994 thousand servicemen, of which 157593 - shot 7810 soldiers were shot 20 times less than in the Red Army). For voluntary departure and cooperation with the occupiers, 23 former Soviet generals were shot or hanged (not counting dozens of generals who received camp time).
Several later, decrees were signed on the creation of penal divisions, through which, according to official data, 427910 soldiers were held (the penal divisions were existed until June 6, 1945).
Based on the real numbers and facts preserved in Soviet and German documents (decrees, secret reports, notes, etc.), it is possible to make a bitter conclusion: in any country that has become a victim of Hitler's aggression, there was no such moral decomposition, mass desertion and cooperation with invaders, as in the USSR. For example, the number of personnel of military formations of "voluntary assistants" (so-called hii), police and military units From the Soviet military personnel and civilians by mid-1944 exceeded 800 thousand people. (Only in the SS served more than 150 thousand former Soviet citizens).
The sizes of the catastrophe that fell into the Soviet Union in the first months of the war, became a surprise not only for the Soviet top, but also for the leadership of Western countries and, to some extent, even for Nazis. In particular, the Germans were not ready to "digest" such a number of Soviet prisoners of war - by mid-July 1941, the stream of prisoners of war exceeded the possibilities of the Wehrmacht on their protection and content. On July 25, 1941, the command of the German Army issues an order for the mass liberation of prisoners of nationalities. Until November 13, 318770 Soviet prisoners of war (mainly Ukrainians, Belarusians and Baltov) were released on this order.
Catastrophic dimensions of lesions soviet troopsaccompanied by mass transfer, desertion and cooperation with the enemy in the occupied territories, raise the reasons for these shameful phenomena. Liberal-democratic historians and political scientists often note the abundance of general traits in two totalitarian regimes - Soviet and Nazi. But it does not need to forget about their indigenous differences in relation to their own people. The Hitler's democratic manned to power brought Germany from the ruin and post-war humiliation, eliminated unemployment, built excellent roads, won a new living space. Yes, in Germany, they began to destroy Jews and Gypsies, to pursue the dissent, to introduce the most severe control over the public and even the personal life of citizens, but no one expropriate private property, did not become massively shot and did not sagger into prisons of the aristocrats, the bourgeoisie and intelligentsia, did not drive into the collective farms and I did not smash the peasants - the level of life of the vast majority of Germans increased. And, the main thing, the Nazis managed to inspire their military, political and economic success to the majority of the Germans to the greatness and invincibility of their country and their people.
The Bolshevik authorities destroyed in Tsarist Russia destroyed the best part of the society and, deceiving almost all the strata of society, brought their peoples of holodomor and deportation, and ordinary citizens - forced collectivization and industrialization, rudely broken the usual way and downgraded the standard of living of the majority of ordinary people.
In 1937-1938 The NKVD authorities were arrested 1345 thousand people, of which 681 thousand are shot. On the eve of the war, in January 1941, according to official Soviet statistics, the Gulag camps contained 1930 thousand convicts, another 462 thousand people. It was in prisons, and 1,200 thousand - on "special settlements" (total 3 million 600 thousand people). Therefore, the rhetorical question is: "Would the Soviet people living in such regions and such power in such conditions, the Soviet people massively show in battles with the Germans and heroism, protecting the" Socialist Fatherland, a native communist party and wise T. asthane? "- Wills in Air, and a significant difference in the number of victims, deserters and abandoned on the battlefield of military equipment between the Soviet and German armies in the first months of the war is convincingly explained by a different attitude towards its citizens, soldiers and officers in the USSR and Nazi Germany.
Fracture. We will not stand at the price
In October 1941, Hitler, anticipating the final defeat of the Soviet Union, was preparing to take a parade of German troops in the Citadel Bolshevism - on Red Square. However, events at the front and in the rear at the end of 1941 began to develop not on its scenario.
The German losses in the battles began to grow, logistical and food assistance allies (mainly the United States) of the Soviet Army increased with each month evacuated to the East military plants set up a massive weapon. In the slowdown of the offensive gust of the fascist parts, the autumn dissolve was helped first, and then strong frosts of winter 1941-1942. But the most important thing - gradually there was a radical fracture in relation to the enemy from the people - soldiers, the workers of the rear and ordinary citizens who were in the occupied territories.
In November 1941, Stalin, in his report on the occasion of the next anniversary of the October Revolution, said significant and this time an absolutely truthful phrase: "Hitler's stupid policy turned the peoples of the USSR in the sworn enemies of the current Germany." In these words, one of the most important reasons for the transformation of the Second World War, in which the Soviet Union participated since September 1939, in the Great Patriotic War in which the leading role passed to the people. Obsessed by delusional racial ideas, a narcissistic paranoid Hitler, who does not listen to the numerous warnings of his generals, announced the Slavs "Neochoralovki", which should release the living space for the "Aryan race", and at first, to serve the representatives of the "race of the Lord." Millions of captured Soviet prisoners of war were drilled as cattle for huge open areas, excavated by barbed wire, and morn there hunger and cold. By the beginning of the winter of 1941 from 3.8 million people. More than 2 million from such conditions and appeal were destroyed. The previously mentioned liberation of the prisoners of nationalities, started on the initiative of the Army Command on November 13, 1941, was prohibited by Hitler personally. All attempts by anti-Soviet national or civilian structures, at the beginning of the war collaborating with the Germans (Ukrainian nationalists, Cossacks, Baltov, BeloEmigrants), to create at least semi-emunional state, military, public or regional structures were suppressed on the root. S. Bandard with part of the OUT management was sent to the concentration camp. The collective farm system has been practically kept; The civilian population was forcibly drunk to work in Germany, they were massively taken hostage and shot on any suspicion. Terrible scenes of the genocide of Jews, mass death Prisoners of war, shooting hostages, public executions - all of this in front of the population - shocked the inhabitants of the occupied territories. For the first six months of the war from the hands of the occupiers, according to the most modest estimates, 5-6 million Soviet civilians died (including about 2.5 million people - Soviet Jews). Not so much Soviet propaganda, how much to lead from the front, the stories of the "wireless telephone" from the occupied territories and other ways of the "wireless telephone" of human moloss convinced the people that the new enemy leads an inhuman war on complete destruction. An increasing number of ordinary Soviet people - soldiers, partisans, residents of the occupied territories and workers of the rear began to realize that in this war the question was definitely - to die or defeat. That is what transformed into the USSR the second world in the Great Patriotic (People's Folk) War.
The enemy was strong. The German army was distinguished by the persistence and courage of soldiers, good weapons and highly qualified general and officer corps. Still, three and a half years continued persistent battles, in which the Germans at first defeated the local victories. But an increasing number of Germans began to understand that it would not be possible to keep this impulse of almost universal folk rage. The defeat under Stalingrad, the bloody battle on the Kursk arc, the growth of the partisan movement in the occupied territories, which from a thin stream, organized by the NKVD, turned into mass folk resistance. All this made an indigenous defer to war on the Eastern Front.
Victory was given to the Red Army by an expensive price. This was facilitated not only the fierce of resistance from the fascists, but also the "commander skill" of Soviet commanders. Brought up in the spirit of the glorious Bolshevik traditions, according to which the life of a separate person, and even more than a simple soldier, did not cost anything, many marshals and generals in their careerist rage (ahead of the neighbor and first report to the rapid tick of the next fortress, height or city) did not regret lives soldier. It is still not estimated how many hundreds of thousands of life of Soviet soldiers were worth the "rivalry" of Marshals Zhukov and Konev for the right to first report to Stalin about the capture of Berlin.
From the end of 1941, the nature of the war began to change. The terrible relations of the human and military-technical losses of the Soviet and German armies were kanulu in the fly. For example, if in the first months of the war on one captive German accounted for 415 Soviet prisoners of war, then since 1942 this ratio approached one (out of 6.3 million, the Soviet soldiers received 2.5 million - surrendered from 1942 . in May 1945; during the same time, 2.2 million German soldiers surrendered to captivity). The people paid for this great victory the terrible price - the general human losses of the Soviet Union (10.7 million combat losses and 12.4 million - civilian population) in World War II make up almost 40% of the losses of other participating countries of this war (given Both China, who lost only 20 million people). Germany lost only 7 million 260 thousand people (of which 1.76 million is the civilian population).
Soviet power Military losses did not count - it was unprofitable, for the true dimensions first of all human losses convincingly illustrated "wisdom and professionalism" in person. Stalin and its party and military nomenclature.
The last, rather gloomy and poorly cleaned chord of the Second World War (still grown not only post-Soviet, but also by Western historians) was the question of repatriates. By the end of the war, about 5 million Soviet citizens, which were outside the Motherland (3 million people - in the range of allies and 2 million people in the zone of the Red Army) remained alive. Of these, Ostarabeati are about 3.3 million people. Of 4.3 million, hijacked by the Germans for forced work. However, about 1.7 million people survived. Prisoners of war, including those enrolled in military or police service to the enemy and voluntary refugees.
Return to the homeland of repatriates was not easy, and often a tragic. There were about 500 thousand people in the West. (every tenth), many returned for violently. Allies who do not want to spoil relations from the USSR and the need for the need to take care of their subjects that have found themselves in the Red Army zone were often forced to give up in this matter to the Councils, realizing that many of the forcibly returned repatriates would be shot or finished their lives in Gulag. In general, the Western Allies tried to adhere to the principle - to return to the Soviet authorities of repatriates with Soviet citizenship or committed war crimes against the Soviet state or his citizens.
A special conversation deserves the topic of the Ukrainian account of the Second World War. Either Soviet, in the post-Soviet times, this topic is seriously, with the exception of ideological swearing between supporters of the Soviet "non-prescribed history" and adherents of the national-democratic direction, was not analyzed. Western European historians (at least English in the Book of World War II mentioned earlier) determine the loss of civilian population of Ukraine at 7 million people. If there is about 2 million years of combat loss here (in proportion to the USSR population part in the total population of the USSR), it turns out a terrible digit of military losses of 9 million people. - This is about 20% of the total population of Ukraine for that period. Such terrible losses did not suffocate any of the countries participating in World War II.
Ukraine does not cease disputes of politicians and historians about the attitude towards the soldiers of the UPA. Numerous "admirers of the Red Flag" proclaim them to traitors of the Motherland and the accomplices of the Nazis, not believing with the facts or documents or the opinion of European jurisprudence. These fighters for " historical justice"Stubbly do not want to know that the overwhelming majority of inhabitants of Western Ukraine, Western Belarus and the Baltic States, founded in 1945 outside the Red Army zone, the Western Allies did not issue the Council because they were not citizens of the USSR and did not commit crimes in relation to To someone else's homeland. So out of 10 thousand fighters "SS Galicin", captured by allies in 1945, only 112 people were given to the Councils, despite the unprecedented, almost ultimate, pressure of representatives of the USSR SCC department for repatriation. As for ordinary soldiers of the UPA, they courageously fought with the German and Soviet occupiers for their lands and independent Ukraine. The riding of cynicism and shame is the situation with the veterans of the war, which established in modern Ukraine, when tens of thousands of true heroes and Warriors of the UPA cannot obtain the status of "veteran of war", and hundreds of thousands of people 1932-1935. The birth of the NKVD specialists who fought with the fighters of the UPA or the "forest brothers" in the Baltic States until 1954 or "mined certificates of their participation in the 9-12-year-old childhood age in the valiant work in the rear or in demining in April 1945 different objects ", such status have.
In conclusion, I once again want to return to the problem of historical truth. Is it worth finding the memory of the dead heroes and to ensure the ambiguous truth in the tragic events of the Second World War? It's not just not so much historical truthHow many in Ukraine, the Soviet values \u200b\u200bsystem in the post-Soviet space in the post-Soviet space is preserved. Lies like rust, corrosive not only the story, but also all sides of life. "Uncomplicated History", Duct Heroes, "Red Flags", Pumping Military Parades, Renewable Leninist Saturdays, Envy aggressive hostility to the West directly lead to the preservation of the wretched unreformed "Soviet" industry, an unproductive "collective farm" agriculture, "the most equitable", Not different from the Soviet times of legal proceedings, Soviet in essence ("Bloom") system of selection of leadership personnel, valiant "People's" police and "Soviet" education and health systems. The preserved system of perverted values \u200b\u200bis largely to blame for the unique post-Soviet syndrome, which is characterized by a complete failure of political, economic and social reforms in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
A 74-year-old history of building socialism in the USSR convincingly showed the absolute collapse of the political and economic ideas of Marxism, especially in the Bolshevik fulfillment. The 20-year post-Soviet history of the states formed on the ruins of the Soviet Empire denied another one, this time the Philosophical thesis of Marx: "Being determines the consciousness." It turned out that it was precisely perverted historical, political, economic, public, and the individual consciousness (mentality) of society in many respects determines its kojoy being (standard of living). Peoples whom the story does not teach anything (and especially those that enjoy the perverted system of values \u200b\u200band false stranger) are doomed to stay on the side of the history.
on the book of memoirs of Nikolai Nikolayevich Nikulina - the Researcher of the Hermitage, the former Fontovik. I strongly recommend all those who sincerely want to know the truth about the Patriotic War, to meet her.In my opinion, this is a unique work like it is difficult to find in military libraries. It is remarkably not only by the literary advantages about which I, I don't have a literary review, I can not objectively judge how much the descriptions of military events that reveal the disgusting essence of the war with its brutal inhumanity, mud, meaningless cruelty, criminal carelessness to people's life commander of all ranks from Kombat to the Supreme Commander. This is a document for those historians who study not only the movement of troops on the theaters of hostilities, but are interested in the moral and humanistic aspects of the war.
In terms of the level of reliability and sincerity, I can only compare it with the memories of Shumilina "Vanka Roat".
It is also hard to read it, how to look at the mutual corpse of a person who just standing next to ...
When reading this book, my memory involuntarily restored almost forgotten similar pictures of the past.
Nikulin "Brees" in the war is incommensurable than me, having survived it from beginning to end, having visited one of the bloodiest areas of the front: in Tikhvin swamps, where our "glorious strategies" laid not one army, including the 2nd shock. .. And yet I dare not see that many of his experiences and feelings are very similar to mine.
Some statements by Nikolai Nikolayevich prompted me to comment on what I do below, leading the quotes from the book.
The main question, explicitly or implicitly getting up when reading books about the war - what made the company, battalions and shelves are badly going to meet almost inevitable death, obeying sometimes even criminal orders of commanders? In numerous volumes of URS-patriotic literature, this is explained elementary simply: inspired by love for his socialist homeland and hate to the treacherous enemy, they were ready to give life for the victory over him and unanimously rose to the attack on the call "Hurray! For motherland for Stalin!"
N.N. Nikulin:
"Why was death going to death, although her inevitability clearly understood? Why did they go, although they did not want? They walked, not just afraid of death, but horror covered, and yet they walked! I didn't have to think about and justify your actions. It was not before. Just got up and went, because you need!
Politely listened to the farewell to the political officers - a small transformation of oak and empty newsstands - and walked. Not at all inspired by some ideas or slogans, but because it is necessary. So, apparently, we went to die and our ancestors on the culish field either under Borodin. They were unlikely to reflect on the historical prospects and the grandeur of our people ... Going out for a neutral strip, they did not shout at all "for the homeland! For Stalin! ", As they write in novels. Over the advanced was heard was a hoarse howl and a thick marrying broken, while the bullets and fragments did not block the screaming soap. Until Stalin was when death nearby. Where are it now, in the sixties, a myth appeared again, what did you win only thanks to Stalin, under the banner of Stalin? I have no doubt about this. Those who won, or ran up on the battlefield, or spoke, depressed by post-war. After all, not only the war, but also the country's restoration has passed during their account. The same of them, who are still alive, are silent, broken.
Others remained and kept the forces - those who drive people to the camps, those who drove into meaningless bloody attacks in the war. They acted as Stalin's name, they are shouting about it now. There was no advanced: "For Stalin!". The commissars tried to drive it into our heads, but there were no commissioners in attacks. All this is why ... "
And I remember.
In October 1943, our 4th Guards Cavalry Division was urgently advanced to the forefront in order to close the resulting breach after an attempt of an unsuccessful breakthrough of the Front Infantry. Approximately week Division kept defense in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Belarusian city of Khoyniki. At that time, I worked at the RSB-F divisional radio station and the intensity of the fighting could only be judged by the number of riding on the bugs and walking in the rear of the wounded.
I accept the radio. After a long cipher cipher in the open text of the word "shift linen". The coded text will go to the headquarters of the headquarters, and these words are designed to a cabinet radist to me taking the radio. They mean that the infantry comes to replace us.
And indeed, past the walkie-talkie standing on the side of the forest road, the rifle parts were already shone. It was some kind of pretty battered division, allotted from the front to a short rest and replenishment. Without keeping the system, the soldiers were taken under the lords were touched under the belt (there was an autumn dishthele), which seemed by the garbage, because of the raincoat raincoats were thrown over.
I was struck by their pouron, doomed look. I understood, in an hour later they will be already at the forefront ...
Writes N.N. Nikulin:
"Noise, roasting, grinding, howl, babakhanye, Wuhana is a hello concert. And on the road, in a gray Mollet of dawn, wanders on the advanced infantry. A number of near, regiment for the regiment. Faceless, hung with weapons, covered by garbage tents of the shapes. Slowly, but inevitably stepped forward, to their own death. Generation going into eternity. In this picture it was so much a generalizing meaning, so much apocalyptic horror that we acutely felt the fraud of being, the ruthless flow of history. We felt like miserable moths, which were destined to burn without a trace in the Hell's fire. "
Dull submission and the conscious doomes of Soviet soldiers, attackers inaccessible for the front assault strengthened positions struck even our opponents. Nikulin leads the story of the German veteran, fought on the same part of the front, but on the other hand.
Some Mr. Erwin X., with whom he met in Bavaria, tells:
-What for the strange people? We left for Sinyavino shaft from corpses about two meters high, and they all climb and climb under the bullets, climbing through the dead, and we all beat and beat, and they all climb and climb ... And what dirty there were prisoners! Humpback boys cry, and their bread is disgusting in bags, it is impossible!
What did you do in Kurland? - he continues. - Once the mass of Russian troops went to the attack. But they were met by a friendly fire of machine guns and anti-tank guns. The survivors began to roll back. But here dozens of machine guns and anti-tank guns hit the Russian trenches. We saw how rushing, dilding, on the neutral strip of the crowd of your distraught soldiers from horror!
This is about plotters.
In the discussion at the Military Historical Forum "Wife-2Ne "No one else like V. Karpov - Hero of the Soviet Union, in the past ZKK, a reconnaissance penalty, the author of the famous biographical novels about the commander, said that there was no case and could not be executed by the magnitude of the receding red-Armenians. "Yes, we would shoot them themselves," he said. I had to argue, despite the high authority of the writer, referring to his meeting with these warriors along the way to Medical Eassecadron. As a result, he received a lot of offensive comments. You can find a lot of evidence of how courssed by the NKVD troops on the fronts were fought. But about their activities as progress, it was not necessary to meet.
In the comments to my statements and in the guest book of my site (http: // LDB 1. Narod. Ru ) There are often words that veterans - relatives of authors comments categorically refuse to remember their participation in the war and, especially since writing about it. I think the book N.N. Nikulina explains this enough convincingly.
On the site of Artem Drabkin "I remember" (www.irember.ru. )
huge collection of memoirs of war participants. But sincere stories are extremely rarely found that he experienced a socket soldier at the forefront on the verge of life and the inevitable, as he seemed to death.
In the 60s of the last century, when I wrote my book N.N. Nikulin, in the memory of the soldiers, miraculously left among the living after staying at the front edge of the front, the experienced was still as fresh as an open wound. Naturally, remember this was hurt. And I, to whom the fate was more easily, was able to force himself to take the pen only in 1999.
N.N. Nikulin:
« Memoirs, memoirs ... who writes them? What memoirs can be those who fought actually? At the pilots, tankers and primarily in the infantrymen?
Wanting - death, wound - death, wound - death and everything! No one was. Memoirs write those who were about the war. In the second echelon, in the headquarters. Either the sales writings, expressed the official point of view, according to which we cheerfully won, and the evil fascists have fallen thousands, which are struck by our fabulous fire. Simonov, "Honest Writer", what did he see? He was shared on a submarine, he went to the attack with infantry, one time - with scouts, looked at art preparation - and now he "saw everything" and "Everything experienced"! (Others, however, did not see this.)
I wrote with aplomb, and all this is a gluable lies. And Sholokhovskoe "they fought for their homeland" - just agitat! About small bowls and talk not to say. "
In the stories of real front-line, sparks often sounds pronounced dislike, bordering hostility to the inhabitants of various headquarters and rear services. It is also read in Nikulina and Sumilina, contemptuously called them "regimental".
Nikulin:
« The striking difference exists between the advanced, where the blood flows, where the suffering, where death, where not to raise the heads under bullets and fragments, where hunger and fear, inspiring work, the heat in summer, frost in winter, where it is impossible to live - and the rear. Here, in the rear, another world. Here is the bosses, here the headquarters are heavy tools, there are warehouses, medical studies. Occasionally, shells come here or reset the plane bomb. The killed and wounded are rare. Not a war, but a resort! Those who are on the front - not tenants. They are doomed. Saving them is only injured. Those who are in the rear will remain alive if they are not translated forward when the ranks of the coming people run out. They will stay alive, return home and eventually make up the basis of veterans organizations. Let the stomachs will be taken on, they will acquire baldness, they will decorate the chest with memorable medals, orders and they will tell how heroically they fought, as crushed Hitler. And they will believe in it!
They will be buried with light memory of those who died and who really fought! They will present a war on which they themselves know little, in a romantic halo. How everything was good as beautiful! What are we heroes! And the fact that the war is horror, death, hunger, meanness, meanness and meanness will go back to the background. The real front-line people, which left a half of the person, and those nuts, are torn, will be silent in a rag. And the authorities, which will also largely remain alive, will wake in the squabbles: who fought well, who is bad, but if I listened! "
Brutal words, but in many ways justified. I had to serve as a time at the headquarters of the division in the squadron of communication, sawing on the francated staff officers. It is possible that because of the conflict with one of them I was sent to the platoon of the 11th Cavalry Regiment (http://ldb1.narod.ru/simple39_.html )
I already had to speak out on a very painful topic about the terrible fate of women in the war. And again it turned out to me insults: young relatives of fought moms and grandmothers thought that I was overseas over their military merit.
When I saw before going to the front, I saw, under the influence of powerful propaganda, young girls with enthusiasm were recorded on radistian courses, nurses or snipers, and then on the front - as they had to part with illusions and girlish pride, I was inexpired in the life of the boy It was very painful for them. I recommend Roman M. Kononova "Naked Pioneer", this is about the same.
And that's what N.N. writes Nikulin.
"" Not a female thing is a war. There is no dispute, there were a lot of heroines, which can be put in the example of men. But too cruel to force women to experience the torment of the front. And if only it! He was seriously surrounded by men. Hungry soldiers, however, it was not to women, but the bosses achieved her by any means, from a coarse push to the most exquisite courts. Among the set of cavaliers there were units for every taste: and sing, and to darken, and to talk red, and for educated - to read the block or Lermontov ... and the girls went home with the addition of the family. It seems that it was called in the language of the war offices "Leave by order 009". In our part of the fifty arrived in 1942 by the end of the war left only two fair sex soldiers. But "leave by order 009" is the best way out.
It happened worse. I was told how a certain colonel of wolves arranged the female replenishment and, passing along the building, took the beauties that faced him. Such a PPH began (field mobile wife. The abbreviation of PPH had in the soldier's vocabulary and another meaning. So called hungry and exhausted soldiers empty, watery chowder: "Goodbye, sex life"), and if they resisted - on the lip, in a cold dug, on the lip Bread and water! Then the crumb went hands, got to different moms and chamma. In the best Asian traditions! "
Among my union-headed was a wonderful brave woman Sannaster squadron Masha aircraft. About her on the site, the story of Marat Spielova "Her name is Moscow." And at a meeting of veterans in Armavir, I saw the soldiers, whom she pulled out from the battlefield. She came to the front of the Komsomol Call, leaving the ballet where she began to work. But she did not resist the head of army bonuses, as he herself told me.
And last, what should I tell.
N.N. Nikulin:
"It seemed that everything was tested: death, hunger, shelling, unbearable work, cold. So not! There was still something very scary, almost crushing me. On the eve of the transition to the Reich territory, agitators arrived in the troops. Some in large ranks.
- Death for death !!! Blood for blood!!! Do not forget !!! I will not forgive !!! Avenge !!! - etc...
Prior to that, Erenburg, whose crackling, whose whiskers were read all read: "Dad, kill the German!" And it turned out Nazism on the contrary.
True, those loose according to plan: a network of ghetto, a network of camps. Accounting and drawing up the lists of waste. The register of punishments, planned executions, etc., we all went spontaneously, in Slavyansky. Bay, guys, Loggy, Wilderness!
Portal of theirs of the Bab! Yes, before the onset, they abundantly supplied troops with vodka. And go, and went! Suffered, as always, innocent. Bonsis, as always, drew ... without disaster, burned at home, killed some random old women, the herd of cows were aimless. It was very popular by someone's joke: "Ivan sits near the burning house. "What are you doing?" - ask him. "Yes, the ports had to succeed, the bonfacon spread" "... corpses, corpses, corpses. The Germans, of course, the scum, but why am it like? The army humiliated herself. Nation humiliated itself. It was the worst in war. Corpses, corpses ...
At the station of the city of Allenstein, which the Valoriant Connection General Oslikovsky captured unexpectedly for the enemy, several echelons arrived with German refugees. They thought they were going to their rear, and got ... I saw the results of the reception, which they had. Perrons Station were covered with pile of boarded suitcases, knots, Baulov. Everywhere of the clothes, children's things, rigid pillows. All this in the puddles of blood ...
"Everyone has the right to send once a month parcel home weighing twelve kilograms," officially announced the bosses. And go, and went! Drunk Ivan rushed into a bomb shelter, fucked by a gun about the table and, terribly hatching his eyes, screamed: "Urrrrr! ( Uhr. - Watch) Gada! " The trembling Germans carried the watches from all sides, which were crushed in Sidor and worn. One soldier became famous, who forced the German to keep the candle (there was no electricity), while he was rummaged in her chests. Grab! Pray! As an epidemic, this attack was overwhelmed by everyone ... Then he had come back, yes it was too late: the damn flew out of the bottle. Good, gentle Russian men turned into monsters. They were terrible alone, and in the herd were such that it is impossible to describe! "
Here, as they say, comments are superfluous.
Soon we note the wonderful people's holiday, Victory Day. He carries not only joy in connection with the anniversary the endings of a terrible war, which took every 8th inhabitant of our country (on average!), But the tears of the ones who did not return from there ... I would also like to remember the exorbitant price that the people had to pay under the "wise leadership" of the greatest commander of all times and peoples " . After all, it was forgotten that he endowed himself with the rank of Generalissimus and this title!