Hidden in a small Novovogenovsky lane between the two large streets, this temple is distinguished by the bright red color of its facades. Of particular interest is his interiors created by the best masters of their era - they are preserved as possible and preservation from the beginning of the twentieth century.
This area from the middle of the XVII century was called "new collars" and her main church - "New Pimen", as if reminding about his old place - next to Tverskaya Street, at the crossroads of the Tver and Staroimenovsky Lane, where before 1931 stood the Church of the "Old Pimen" . Inhabited this lobster collars - gatekeepers at the city gate. With the growth of the city, they were resettled behind the earthlings to release the territory for Sagittarov. In a new place in 1672, they created the church in the name of the Trinity of the Liberal with the Penima of the Great Pimen - in memory of the former temple. Soon the new church adopted the name of the village and under it entered the history of Moscow. After the destructive fire of 1691, the construction of a new stone Pimenovskaya Church, completed in 1702, began.
The existing building is a compound of the spreading parts. His kernel is the main temple of 1702, created in the Stylistics of the Naryshkin Baroque, consisting of the fourthics and the eight of the eight of it, with the window platbands made in the form of "broken frontons" - one of the most common features of the new architectural direction. With it, there was a refectory, which in the 1770s turned out to be expanded, by the end of the XVIII century the second appeared in it - in the name of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God.
On the creation of the Vladimir, one local legend narrows. One blind boy played one night near the church and took some object to the touch in his hand. At this moment, the dust and sand fell into his face, he rubbed his eyes with this hand and suddenly hesitated. He saw that the subject in his hand was a little carved in the stone of the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God. In her honor, a new chapel was created.
The extension of the temple continued in the XIX century. In 1825 its existing fence is erected. In 1881-1883, a new three-tiered bell tower is created, and the refectory is completely rebuilt: according to the architect K.M. Bykovsky, it is expanded in length and width, new walls were treated in a pseudorous style, with large kokoshniki, masters on each side and platbands that imitating broken frontones of the early XVIII century.
The most significant changes in the interiors of the Church occurred in 1897-1907. According to the project of architect F.O. Shechor was created bunk marble iconostasis, richly decorated with speakers and carvings with Christian symbolism - palm branches, grape vines, monograms "Alpha and Omega". A copy of the painting V.M. appeared in the main temple. Vasnetsova from the Vladimir Cathedral of Kiev.
Part of the utensils of the Pimenovsky Church was lost in 1922 during the campaign on the "withdrawal of church values", but the temple itself was never closed throughout the Soviet era, which allowed him to keep his decoration and interiors intact. In 1927-1932, the regent of the church choir was the future Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Pimen. Today, the church of St. Piman's Great in new collars is a unique monument of architecture, history and culture, which has open access to everyone and perfectly preserving its priceless treasures.
Total 31 photos
At the same time, I often passed by this church of Piman's Great in the new collars from Novoslobodskaya in Novovogenovsky Lane, driving away from trams (which they unfold here through the Seleznevskaya street back to Susthevskaya). And always, as the impression of its important, exquisite and warm and warm images, the same unconscious sound of two simple words appeared in the mind - "bright joy". Well, I don't know what else you can add ... I always wanted to learn about this church, "I even shot it several times, but everything was like that, not to historical investigations. However, writing a post o that very close to this church, I no longer left the idea to do this, as I would allow myself to assume that something about the Novoslobodskaya district, still wrote. So this very post was born - on the verge of my emotions and warm visual impressions ...
The beginning of the history of the Church of Piman's Great in general, refers to the middle of the 20th century. They began to build it in 1658, in the reign of the sovereign Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676) in Patriarch Nikon (1652-1666). Built the church of the collars - a special squad of the routing people who guarded the gorgeous (i.e. travel) towers of the fortress walls of Moscow in the XIV-XVII centuries. The collars were part of the constant garrison of the fortress and belonged to the category of serving people "Pushkarsky China", because In the wide range of their responsibilities included service and used in the serf gate of artillery. The main responsibility of the collars was the carrying of a permanent guard service at the fortress gate, stored overnight, storing keys from them and protect them when attacking enemies, as well as performing some technical functions, because The portal towers of the medieval fortress were a very complex engineering structure requiring certain technical skills.
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We lived collars with closed Slobodskaya settlements, first at the Kremlin's towers, and then at the gate of the White City, in the Earthhood. They had land plots, could engage in gloomy and different crafts, but should always be prepared for an urgent sovereign service. The collars "led to the faith" (ie to the oath): "Being in that creative service, all his service serve serve and stand on the guard, where according to the beginning it is indicated, will, with its brethren in equality."
04.
Under the state owner, Alexei Mikhailovich "Quiet" the ancient capital experienced a rapid growth and development. A lot of new stone temples and chambers were erected, old churches were rebuilt, multiplied by their shrines.
05.
But frequent fires again and again devastated the city. A terrible misfortune turned out for Moscow and its residents of the epidemic of the plague of 1654 years and the fires accompanying it. The disease claimed the lives of many thousands of Muscovites, and the fire destroyed most of the wooden city. The need to strengthen fire measures with a change in the structure of the settlement of the region of the capital has become particularly acute by this time.
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According to the royal decree, most of the Slobod, located in the densely populated earthly city, was outputable, in the nearest suburbs. Thus, in 1658, the Slobod of the collars, located between the Tver and Dmitrovsky gates, moved a little north, to the ancient Pozhevo village of Sosphevo, where there was a new workshooting of the Sloboda. Here, in a picturesque place, on the shore of a big beautiful pond, the newests immediately built themselves the wooden church with the main throne in the name of the Little Trinity and the Great Day, in honor of the Great Pima, whom the collars of ancient times were honored with their heavenly patron.
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The new church almost repeated the old Troitsk Church, which also had Pimenovsky, who also had Pimenovsky, and which (according to the preserved documents) was "transferred" with "from the old place", seemingly from the walls of the Kremlin, to Tver goal in 1493 (due to the expansion of the Kremlin and the construction of new Kremlin walls in 1485-1516).
09.
Church of the Great Pimen in old collars. The temple is closed in 1923, demolished in 1931-1932.
10.
Thus, in the guardians of the Moscow gate, two shrines arose - two of the same name of the temple, in the surroundings called "Pimen Old" and "Pimen's new" - two evidence of special reverence by these seruners of the Great Egyptian Avian Pimen, a mentor of monastic, teachers of humility and obedience.
It costs a little to stop at the identity of the Saint Pimen. One of the greatest representatives of the ancient monastics, the Holy Pimen Great was born about 340 in Egypt. From early childhood, he sought to monastic as a spiritual science. Being completely young young men with the two brothers, he went to one of the monasteries in the Egyptian Desert Skitos, where all three accepted the inhang tried in 356. After spending time in a strict post and prayer expansion, the Rev. has reached such a height of virtues, which entered the perfect "nonframe".
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For many Inokov ABVA (respectful handling of the elements of the worship), Pimen was a spiritual mentor and leader. To edify yourself and others, they recorded his instructions, full of deep wisdom and clothed in simple, available forms. Avva Pimen said: "A person needs to comply with the three main rules: to be afraid of God, often pray and do good people. Evil will never destroy the malice; If anyone made you evil, make him good, and your good will win his malice. " Avaneck of Avvi Pimen, his image of thoughts always admitted by all sainted inocities, a precious, invaluable treasure, spiritual covenant and heritage of Orthodox monastery. Having glorified by the holiness of his life and the deep edacity of his teachings, having about 110 years from birth, the Egyptian deserted died around 450 g. He was soon recognized by the Holy Range of God and as a sign of the great humility, modesty, truthfulness and selfless service to God and received the name of the Great. The life of the St. Pimen's Great, his ministry to us is a vivid example of the spiritual beauty and the greatness of Orthodox Mobility of the IV - V centuries.
Why, it was Abu Pimen who chose collars with their saints, it is not entirely clear to the end, especially if you "look" with our, today's "bell tower". There is a testimony that when Takhtomysh took the deception in Moscow in 1382 and completely delimited it, the city was burned, but there were precisely the white tower and the walls of the city, and it was on the eve of the Day of the Reverend Pimen of the Great, celebrated by the Church on August 27 (September 9 According to a new style), which gave the occasion to the collars to choose him with their patron. Although, I think that everything is not fully clarified here, since the very fact of the full plundering of Moscow could not be a memorial date. Rather, it happened because the believers in Russia always loved to pray the greatest and stringent devotees of antiquity, the "Lights of God" of the first centuries of Christianity, considering Pimen's "collar from the kingdom of God."
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Within one year, after the burning, the capital was rebuilt and settled. Apparently, by this time and refers to the construction of the Moscow fortress gates of the first Pimento temple in the walls of the Kremlin. Initially, the settlement of Moscow collars was also located near the walls of the Kremlin. Their later slobs collars were near Tverskaya Street. In honor of the temple of the patron of collars of Pimen's Great, the neighboring alleys were named - Vottle and Staroimenovsky, where later the second stone temple of Piman's Great in old collars was located.
Gradually, the center of Moscow was magnificently built up, so in the middle of the XVII century (approximately in 1658), part of the Moscow collars moved to the outskirts of the village is essentially. Another collar Sloboda was formed here. Approximately in 1672, a new church of St. Pimen was built, with the main Trinity throne, with accuracy repeated their old church. The memory of the Strazhnikov settlement remained in the name of the local Novovogenovsky alley (this is where the tram line from Novoslobodskaya is held on the arc).
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Thus, two temples, old and new, have long lived nearby, at a distance of less than one vests from each other, like two spiritual brothers, senior and junior. Both were loved by parishioners, both were repeatedly rebuilt, and they were also "blessing."
The new wooden Pimento church stood for a short time - burned during the fire of 1691. For the blessing of the Patriarch Adrian, she was built again in 1696-1702, but already in stone, and consecrated in 1702 with the same thrones - the main Troitsky and the chapel in the name of the Great Pimen. The architectural appearance of the new stone church was characteristic of the late XVII century, the period of "Moscow Baroque". It was a simple one-oxidic temple, the "eight of the fourthics", completed by an eight-marched deaf drum with a small masterpiece, with one southern attack and the refectory, to which a low bell tower was adjacent from the west.
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In the XVIII century, with the translation of the capital on the banks of the Neva and with the loss of Military fortifications, the collars became professionally unclaimed and found themselves at the situation of ordinary city inhabitants. Gradually began to disappear and Slobodskaya skill with a homogeneous population. The most enterprising from Slobozhan leaving free trade crafts, a merry merchant. So, gradually the parishioners of "New Pimen" became the usual citizens of different classes - a working person and a gentleman, "noble" and merchants, fortress peasants and freely published, servants of various institutions and military. According to the "Ancient Vivlofiki" in 1722, there were 170 houses in the arrival.
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In 1760-1770, the refectory was significantly expanded. Then the new bell tower was erected, which was rebuilt again in the second half of the XIX century. In the period from 1796 to 1806. It was arranged, and in 1807 the second is consecrated, the north came in the name of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God.
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Exactly 13 years after said Takhtamyshev's ruin of Moscow, on the same day on August 26 (8 seconds. N. Art.), But already 1395, there was a meeting with the Moscow clergy led by St. Cyprian the miraculous image of the Mother of God, brought from Vladimir to the capital.
Muscovites with fear expected the attacks of the Halomba Tamerlan, preparing fasting and prayer to "meet the wrath of God in spiritual and bodily clean." But, a miracle happened - this time the city was saved - the Terrible Conqueror departed from Moscow on the very day and an hour when the solemn "reference" of the miraculous Vladimir icon occurred.
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Soon after the construction of the Vladimirsky, the temple territory was acquired by the fundamental fence with the gate, made in the baroque style. This fence is almost completely preserved to the present day.
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To the north of the temple was church graveyard. Now there is a large wasteland at this place with a long-abandoned building (it is visible on the right in the photo) ... Something suggests me that it had some kind of attitude to church property as an income home.
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Another part of the wasteland is now allotted under the city park "New Wave") behind his trees - Krasnoproletarian Street - in the direction of the Garden ...
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In the second half of the XIX century, there was a significant expansion of the temple. According to the project of architect D.A. Gushchina, in 1881-1882 We were lengthened to the east both the pretty, the altar apse was completely rebuilt, as a result of which the iconostasis of all three altars came to one line. The outer decoration of the temple was rendered and the new elements of the baroque decor were added in the spirit of the late XVII century.
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The facades of the church received a new decorative design, aged in the spirit of eclectic, which reproduce the form of "Russian style" and "Moscow Baroque". Now, according to contemporaries, the "close and pretty dark church" became one of the "extensive temples of Moscow, decorated with truly elegant magnificence." The consecration of an extended and renewed temple was committed on the day of the memory of the Rev. Pimen Great, August 27, 1883.
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After completing the work on the expansion of the temple, in 1897 the update of its internal decoration was started. Parish council led by the abbot, o. Vasily Slavsky (1842-1911) and older, merchant S.S. Krashenynikov, decided to use as a sample sketch of the paintings of the Holy Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev, made by 1896. The best masters of their time - V.M. Vasnetsov, M.V.nesterov, M.A.Vrubel, P.A.Svedomsky, V.A.Katarbinsk and others. The main role in the creation of the temple painting of the Vladimir Cathedral belonged to V.M.vasnetsov, the founder of a special "Russian-Byzantine style "In painting. The painting of the temple, however, was not created personally Vasnetsov, but the students of Shechor, but with the approval of Viktor Mikhailovich and his technique.
23.
"Crucified God Son." The painting of the western wall of the Main Altar (composition V.M. Vasnetsova).
This photo and three more lower - from the site of the parishioners of the temple of the Great Pimen in new collars.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe continuity of Russian Orthodoxy from Byzantium, the inclusion of the Russian Church in the history of the Universal Orthodoxy was based on the program for creating a new interior decoration of the Pimento temple. The author of the project and the head of the work was appointed a recognized Master of the Russian Modern, an outstanding architect F.O. Shehetel (1859-1926).
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Old photo of a sheheter icon is located.
By contacting the possibilities of the Byzantine style, F.O. Shehetel created a project for which a group of talented masters (P.A. Bazhovyov, painting; I.A. Oorlov, carving; A. Kumichyev, rhesis on icons; etc.) for ten The years of work was performed by one of the best temple interiors created in Moscow at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, distinguished by extraordinary greatness, harmony and beauty.
The iconostasis of all three adjacent altars were combined into a single bunk ensemble, made in the Byzantine style from the White Italian marble. With all its extensity and elegacity of the decor, the iconostasis affects the strict grace and cleanliness of its lines. His magnificent carving (work I.A. Oorlova) reproduces the early Christian, the Byzantine spiritual symbolism. The marble decor includes a floral ornament, palm branches - a symbol of the kingdom of heaven, "the bowl of salvation", various forms of the cross, chrysm, "alpha and omega", borders of grapes and shoot vine. The arch of the central iconostasis is crowned with a cross in a grape vines - a symbol of the resurrection of Christ and the life of the eternal. Bronze with gilding the grid tsarist gates, perfectly harmonizing with a white marble, discover the view of the prescript of the altar painting.
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Modern photo of the iconostasis of Shechor.
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Altar of the main temple. Easter Christ, 2008
The walls and vaults of the temple are decorated with paintings weathered in the Russian-Byzantine style. Under vaults - 18 plot compositions (including praintol and iconostasis) for gospel topics; On walls and pillars - 120 growth icon painting saints.
Consecration of the renewed and well -ugised temple was accomplished in stages, as work. Pimenovsky Charinge was consecrated on January 22, 1900. After seven years, December 27, 1907, the main Trinity temple was consecrated and came in honor of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God.
27.
In the Soviet period, the temple was not closed. In April 1922, 12 pounds of "church values" were seized from the temple. In 1927-1932, the regent of the choir in the Pimento temple was ink Plato - the future Patriarch Pimen. Subsequently, he annually served as a service in the thrust holiday of the temple, celebrating and the day of his tesen system.
28.
Since 1936, the Pimenian temple has become the main Moscow temple of the renewers led by Metropolitan Alexander Vvedensky. In 1944, almost all updates led by Metropolitan, Vitaly brought repentance and reunited with the Orthodox Church. Only one "stronghold" of renewing - the Pimenovsky Temple, where A.I. continued to serve Vvedensky, depicting "Metropolitan" and "First Hierarch" "Orthodox churches". Three and a half months after the death of Alexander Intraved, on October 9, the Church of the Reverend Pimen of the Great went through the Moscow Patriarchate.
This is a view of the Temple of Pimen Great from the North-East or from today's Krasnoproletarian street.
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In general, the source of which is taken mainly, all this information is the temple site created by its parishioners. There are a great many information and old photos. The site is designed with love and from the soul and easily recommended by me to the in-depth viewing.
31.
The length of the church building is 45 meters, the width is about 27 meters, accommodates up to 4 thousand parishioners. Quadril with an eight-marched tier, one-eyed. The bell tower is three-tier.
History
The first, earliest settlement of Moscow collars, gatekeepers at the city gate, was located near the walls of the Kremlin. At the same time, their Sloboda was located next to Tverskaya Street, where he left about himself the memory in the name of the alleys: Velikovsky and Staroimenovsky, in honor of the temple of the patron of collars of the Great Pimen.
After the revolution for "New Pimen", difficult days came, despite the fact that it was not closed. In April of the year, 12 pounds of 38 pounds of 48 spools of "church values" were seized from the temple.
However, 1917-1937 Steel for the temple of the "Golden Twentieth" era, since in this period four new martyrs served in the church, and the St. Patriarch Tikhon and Metropolitan Trifon (Turkestan) were frequent guests of the temple.
Worship
Daily - liturgy at 8 o'clock., Evening and morning - at the age of 17.; On Friday - with Akaf. Before the icons of the Mother of God, Vladimir and Kazan, on Sunday - from Akaf. Alternately, the Trinity of the Liberal and PrP. Pimena Great; On Sundays and holidays - Liturgy at 7 and 10 hours., On the eve of 18 hours. (in the winter at the age of 17.) - All-night vigil. Sunday school operates for children and adults. There is a parish library.
The full name of this church by the Church of the Reverex Pimen of the Great (Trinity of the Library) in the new collars, which is in land.
The beginning of the history of this temple refers to the middle of the 20th century. He was founded in 1658, to the reign of the sovereign Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676) in Patriarch Nikon (1652-1666).
The time did not save the names of the church's founders, however, it is known that it was built by a slobs of collars - a special squad of the routine people who guarded the gorgeous (i.e. travel) towers of the fortress walls of Moscow in the XIV-XVII centuries.
His patron of collars considered the Grand Pimen of the Great (340 - 450), so the church was sanctified in the name of this saint.
We lived collars with closed Slobodsk settlements first at the Krasmlin's towers, and then at the gate of the white city, in the earthly city. They had land ones, could engage in gloomy and different crafts, but should always be prepared for sovereign service.
In the middle of the XVIII century (approximately in 1658), Moscow collars were translated into the outskirts of Sosphevo from the earthly city, already a greatly built and crowded and crowded: their former territory was released under the shooting and other courtyards of sovereign people and masters of urgent professions. Here, the guards formed another workshooting Slobody and around 1672 built a new Sloboda church in the name of their traditional patron - St. Pimen, with the main Troitsky throne, in accuracy, repeated their old temple. The new settlement of the guards remained in a simple name of the local Novovogenovsky alley, where the "New Pimen" has been worth it.
This church was also at first Wooden (which suggests the relative poverty of Moscow collars) and soon burned down in 1691. For the blessing of the Patriarch Adrian, she was built again in 1696-1702, but already stone and stood in the old days on the shore of a big, beautiful pond.
At the beginning of the XIX century, a new program of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God was attached to the temple. With the construction of this advance, the legend of the blind boy, who, playing the walls of the temple, accidentally picked up some item in his hands, after which the boy rubbed his eyes and immediately wonderfully hesitated. In his hand he turned out to be a small stone icon of Vladimir Mother of God.
And 1825, the fence of the temple was erected, preserved to the present day. At the same time, the old bell tower was dismantled and a new one was built - three-tous in the spirit of eclectic (mixing different styles).
In the second half of the XIX century, there was a need to significantly expand the temple, which did not hold the increased amount of parishioners.
According to the new, approved in 1892, the author of which was architect A.V. Prayers, the temple has significantly applied to the West. All work was made on the means of donasters and arrival. So, by the summer of 1893, the temple was increased in length due to the spread of the weekest west, for which the pond had to be filled. The first tier of the bell tower was rebuilt and was attached to pale with small tent tents on the sides. As a result, the adhesives became even more spacious, and both oriental columns of the bell tower were inside the temple space.
The temple acquired that appearance and those dimensions that have survived to the present day. The maximum length of it was 45 meters, the width of about 27 meters, the total area (without a saline and the altar) is about 600 square meters, which allows you to accommodate up to 4,000 Bogomoles for holidays.
The inner decoration was designed by Fyodor Shechtel, who used the style of Moscow modern. The Kiev Vladimir Cathedral with his one-story in the Byzantine style iconostasis was taken as a basis.
In 1907, the rebuilt temple was consecrated.
In Soviet times, the Church of the Rev. Pimen's Great was not closed, but in April 1922 the temple was a robbery officially called the "withdrawal of church values". In total, it was "seized" 12 pounds of 38 pounds 48 spools of gold and silver products. Bells were also removed. Father Mikhail Steblev, the abbot of the temple from 1911 to 1923, could not transfer his ruin. The elderly man with the already undermined health, he soon became sick and died.
In 1927-1932, the regent of the choir in the Pimento temple was ink Plato - the future Patriarch Pimen. Subsequently, he annually served as a service in the thrust holiday of the temple, celebrating and the day of his tesen system.
Since 1936, the Pimenovsky Temple has become the Qitadel of the Updates, headed by Level with Legalopolitan Alexander Intraved - it was the main Moscow Temple of Raskolnikov, among other urban churches captured by them in a vague time for Russia. And only after the death of the leader of the split, followed in 1946, the Pimenian temple the most recent of them returned to the Patriarchate. On October 9, 1946, on the feast of John the Bogoslev, the renovnels held a solemn service here, and in just half an hour after her graduation, the temple was carried out to the management of the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1990 and 1991, September 9 (August 27, Art.) The solemn divine Liturgy in the Temple of the Great Pimen of the Great on the occasion of the prestial holiday was headed by Holy Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II.
The 350th anniversary of the temple met in a new, elegant decoration. His building is re-launched and painted, shine the gilding crosses on his masters, the territory adjacent to the temple is landscaped. Thanks to external lighting, the temple in any weather and at any time produces a bright and festive impression.
Currently, the temple is discovered daily for worship services, a Sunday School for adults and children is operating at the temple, a library works.
(Information is taken from the temple site, there you can also find a lot of interior photos and a more complete description of the history of the temple).
Unfortunately, I could not go to church. It was today that there was no worship, and the gate were closed. But on the site you can see the schedule. In my opinion, judging by the description and by photographs, there should be very beautiful.
In the old, pre-revolutionary Moscow there were two temples consecrated in the name of the Great Pimen, "old", near Tver Street, destroyed by the Bolsheviks, and the "new", which survived that in the land near Novoslobodskaya. Both churches were historically connected with each other and were the parish temples of the Slobods of Moscow collars - the guards, guarding the gate of the fortress walls of Moscow, the Kremlin, China-Cities, White and Earth. At one time, this Sloboda was near Tverskaya Street, where he left about himself the memory in the name of the local Wing of the Wow, and in the XVII century, with the development and settlement of the Central City, the Sloboda was translated beyond the limits of the Earthhood, to the outskirts of Sosphevo. There, the collars built themselves a new temple in the name of St. Piman, since he since ancient revered their patron.
Holy Pimen was born in 340 in Egypt and, together with the brothers, he accepted the monochetic post in one Egyptian monastery. Soon, the whole of Egypt was shone about the holy devotee, so that one local ruler wanted to visit him himself, but received a refusal - St. Pimen was afraid of wide folk reverence, which would inevitably follow the arrival of Velmazby, and this would prevent his silence and inner humility. He taught the inkon of love for God and neighbor, prayer and repentance, without imposing on the people of "uncomplicable burden", without exiting them to hunger, long post, insomnia. "A person needs to follow the three main rules: to be afraid of God, often pray and do good people," said Saint. Inka was recorded by his wise sayings. So, one monk asked the mentor, whether to tell about the sin of the brother, whom witnessed witness. And Saint Pimen answered: "If we hide the sins of the brothers, then God will hide our sins." And on the tricky question, which is better, to speak or be silent, Saint Milns: "Whoever tells God for the sake of" well, and who is silent of God for the sake of - also goes well. "
In his holy life, Rev. Pimen lived 110 years. After his death, the Orthodox Church glorified him with "Great" - for his ministry of God, and honor him as a holy wretched.
The patron of Moscow collars of St. Pimen became a special and sad case for Moscow. After the victorious for Russia, the Kulikov battle of the Horde decided to take revenge on Moscow and its ruler, the great prince Dmitry Donskoy. In 1382, just two years after the glorious battle in the Kulikov field, Khan Tukhtamysh attacked Moscow and besieged the Kremlin, in which the defenders of the city were locked, defended this last approach to the heart of Moscow. Covarian Khan went to the cunning - he ordered Russian princes from the specific principalities, rivals of Moscow and its sovereign, to persuade Muscovites to open the Kremlin gate, promising that neither the city or the inhabitants would not be touched. The collars guarding the Kremlin believed compatriots and cruelly paid out: the enemy rushed into an open gate. Moscow was burned down her dumb, and all her defenders and peaceful townspeople, hiding in the Kremlin - women, children, old men, the monks were killed. It happened on September 9, on the day of St. Pimen's Great - and therefore since that time he began to be honored by the defender of the Moscow city gates and the heavenly patron of their guards.
In historical literature sometimes meets another, less reasonable interpretation of the word collars: As if the instrument servant would be so called, during the battles raising the "gate" - the shield of the gun - before the shot, so that the military themselves did not suffer from his rupture. Adherents of this theory refer to the military specialization of this old Moscow locality - near the "Pushkari" and the Bronnaya Sloboda, where they did weapon. But the version of the worshios - the dosage guards of the city gate, guarding peace and its population, is significantly and generally accepted.
The first, the earliest, the settlement of Moscow collars was located at the walls of the Kremlin. Then they were transferred to the Tverskaya, beyond the walls of the white city, but inside the earthen - there the collars were handled their duties, since the distance is small to both fortresses. Everyone who came to this service led to a special oath - stand sovereign service in equality with other worshipers, where they will order, and, standing in the guard, do not steal, do not drink and not make it impossible, "not to know with thieves" and "Great Sovereign not change. "
But, in addition to the protection of the gate, the collars settled by the Sloboda, as usual in Moscow, were engaged in gloomy, feeding their families, trade and even craft and blacksmithing business, which a lot of the social specificity of the terrain contributed. Nearby there was a carriage row, where they made and sold the carriages, and the collars revenge them and attached horses. And if in the Dopurerovsky times the service of collars for the protection of a medieval city was not only responsible, but also very popular, then with the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg and the radically new development of Moscow, they were on the situation of ordinary city inhabitants - ordinary ordinary people.
The first Pimenovskaya Church of Tver appeared in 1493, and in the middle of the XVII century it was still wooden. Only in 1681-1682, after the Moscow Slobod of the collars was mainly translated beyond the limits of the earthen city, the Old Pimen was built by stone, with the main throne in the name of St. Titres and with the chassis in the name of the saint patron of Moscow guards. The temple was consecrated by the Patriarch himself. And in the first half of the XIX century, the famous Moscow architect Athanasius Grigoriev (one of the authors of the "Large Ascension") built here a new stone church with a classic huge dome.
On April 27, 1869, the son of F.I. Tyutchev, Ivan and O. Putyoy, were crowned in the Pimenovsky Church, and the poet himself was attended.
Now this place is familiar to Muscovites mostly two of their historical monuments, "What is the old Pimen". The first one of them is Vottlekovsky, 12, where the last date of Pushkin with Moscow ended. It was his old friend's house, Paul Nachchokin, of whom the most struck in the means of Pushkin lent a wedding fracture to his wedding, and by legend, was buried in it. The poet stayed at him in this house in his last in life, arrival in Moscow, in May 1836, when he worked at the Moscow archive of the board of foreign affairs over the authentic documents of the history of Peter I and the uprising of Pugachev. Pavel Warinovich Nachichokin, a kind and honest person, the bomber owner, was also an excellent storytellor, so that Pushkin asked him to record his "memorial" at least in the form of letters to him - after all, the Nashokin stories became plots of such Pushkinsky creations as "Dubrovsky "And the" house in Kolomna ".
Pushkin conceived to portray the nastock itself in the image of the main hero of the novel about the life of the Russian nobility, but this idea did not have time to implement. Then one of the first researchers of the life of Pushkin, the notorious Paul Annenkov wrote about Nachokin, emphasizing those features of his inner appearance, which Pushkin attracted to him: "Rare knew how to save human dignity, to direct the soul, the nobility of the character, the pure conscience and the unchanged kindness of the heart, as This friend of Pushkin in the most critical circumstances of life, on the edge of death, in the waters of blind passions and hobbies and under the blows of fate ... "
They met in the royal village, when Nashchokin studied in a noble board with a famous lyceum together with Pushkin's brother, Lvom. Their heart friendship with the poet was preserved for life - downtile friends were shared by all the joys and the sorrows, approved the choice of each other's wives, together dreamed of happiness. Two days before his wedding, the poet came to Nastokhin on Arbat. The famous Gypsy singer Tatyana Demyanova was located in the house then. Pushkin was a little bitp: "I spit me, Tanya, something for happiness; I heard, maybe I'm getting married. " She, herself in those days frustrated with his beloved, dug sadly:
Ah, Mother, so in the field dusty?
Sovereign, what is so dusty?
Horses collapsed. And whose horses, whose horses?
Koni Alexander Sergeevich ...
Pushkin suddenly cried overnight. Nashchokin rushed to him: "Pushkin, what with you?!", "" This song I turned the whole inside, she foreshadowed me, "the poet replied and left, without giving them away. And Nachachin, lent the Wedding Frak Pushkin, together with Vyazemsky met with the icon of the young on the Arbat apartment of the poet, where they arrived directly from the wedding from the "Large Ascension".
The last time Pushkin visited his Moscow friend in the collar alley. For a farewell dinner, he shed olive oil on the table and was very sad, left to wait until midnight, when the power of "bad signs" will end. Nachachin, superstitious no less Pushkin, wore a gold ring with turquoise on his finger from violent death, and, knowing about the main fear of his friend, presented him as the same. Already dying Pushkin gave this ring Danzas, his second - in memory of himself.
Here, in Staroimenovsky, 16, stood his own home Professor D.I. Ilovai - the famous Russian historian, the author of a popular gymnasium textbook, who got a lot in those times from the progressive public. Here he lived until the very death and died in a deep old man in 1919, - before he was covered with the revolution and even arrest.
This Moscow monument has fallen into history in many ways thanks to the essay of Marina Tsvetaeva "House of Old Pimen". And not for nothing - it stretches from here one of the most interesting stories of the old Moscow, associated with the legendary Moscow house of the Great Poets. After all, the same wooden house in a threeproof lane, where Marina Tsvetaeva was born and rose, at first and belonged to Historian Ilovaysky: he was giving his daughter Varbara, who married Professor I. Tsveyev and became his first wife. So, the Tsvetaeva turned out to be the owners of the house in threeprudge - and when Barbara Dmitrievna died, her husband was inherited, and from his second marriage her sisters of Tsvetaeva were born - Marina and Anastasia. Ilovaysky often seated them, visiting her grandson, and the colorful figure of the famous scientist, the "cruising old man" made a strong impression on a small poetess - then she left him, probably the brightest, expressive memories.
In the first years of Soviet power, the Pimenian church closed under the pretext that her watchman arranged in it "Moonshine Plant". The placement of the temple was intended for "cultural purposes", namely, the Komsomol club opened here in 1923. "The portrait of the Liebknecht spread the image in the altar," said the newspaper enthusiastically, the story of the meeting of the Krasnokresian district Komsomol conference. But as a result, Komsomol settled here for a while, and soon in the former church, they simply opened a commission store for the sale of non-crowded things. Long fought for the unique tent bell tower of the temple left since the XVII century, but everything was useless - in 1932 the church was demolished and built an ordinary residential building in her place. Now about the "old Pimen" resemble only the names of local Staroimenovsky and Velkovsky, and two great houses, as if descended to testify to the departed glorious History of the old Moscow.
New Pimen remained in Novoslobodskaya. The fact that this temple was not closed in Soviet times and retained his old interior, as if "compensates" the loss of "old pimam". In the middle of the XVII century (approximately in 1658), Moscow collars were translated here from the earthly city, already a greatly built and crowded and crowded: their former territory was released under the Streetsky and other courtyards of sovereign people and masters of pressing professions. Here, on the outskirts of Souszhev, the guards formed another workshop and around 1672, built a new Sloboda church in the name of the traditional patron - St. Pimen, with the main Trinity throne, with accuracy, repeatedly repeated their old temple. The new settlement of the guards remained in a simple name of the local Novovogenovsky alley, where he has been "New Pimen" since then.
This church was also at first Wooden, (which suggests the relative poverty of Moscow collars) and soon burned down. For the blessing of the patriarch, she was built again at the turn of the XVII - XVIII centuries, but already stone and stood in the old days on the shore of a big, beautiful pond. And in the XIX century, a new appeared in the name of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God, arranged on the occasion of the miracle, manifested from this image. According to legend, one blind boy once played here and took some object in his hand. At this time, the dust and sand fell into his face, he rubbed his eyes with this hand - and instantly prosened. The first thing he saw was a small icon carved on the stone, which he kept in his hand - it turned out to be the image of Vladimir Mother of God. In the name, she was then arranged for the embezzlement, - scientists believe that this happened at the beginning of the XIX century, and when the church restructuring, at the end of the same century, came to the architect K.M. Bykovsky. This stone icon was kept for a long time in the Pimento temple.
Of course, at the turn of the XIX - XX V.V. No Moscow collars and their Slobodsky settlement speech no longer. The parishioners of the "New Pimen" were then numerous simple Muscovites who lived in the terrain who began to ask the authorities about the expansion of the temple in view of his cramped. Works were carried out for several decades - at the beginning of the twentieth century, Fyodor Shechtel himself originally designed his interior decoration with elements and artistic techniques of the Moscow Modern. For the sample, the Vladimir Cathedral was taken in Kiev - and his low, single-tier iconostasis like the Byzantine, and painting V.Vasnetsov, although the artist himself was not invited to participate in the work on the Moscow Pimento temple. In addition, the ancient Christian symbolism of Catacombs was used in the interior design - the image "Alpha and Omega", grape vines, palm branches ... The well-added and rebuilt Pimento temple was consecrated in October 1907.
After the revolution for "New Pimen", difficult days came, even though he was not closed. Since 1936, the Pimenovsky Temple has become the "update" citadel headed by Legemitropolitan Alexander Intraved - it was the main Moscow Temple of Raskolnikov, among other urban churches captured by them in such a vague time for Russia. And only after the death of the leader of the split, followed in 1946, the Pimenian temple the most recent of them returned to the Patriarchate. The last time the renovations served in it for the holiday of St. John the Cologovo on October 9, 1946 - only after half an hour after her ending, the temple moved to the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the Soviet years, the temple icon from the famous Church of Vasily Kesiaksky was moved to Tverskaya, without a trace-minded by godless authorities in the mid-1930s. Slightly before all these events, in 1928-1932. The regent of the choir in the Pimenian temple was a monk Plato - the future Patriarch Pimen. Subsequently, he annually served as a service in the thrust holiday of the temple, celebrating and the day of his tesen system.
Currently, the church is still valid.