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The greatest figure in the history of the Serbian Church and the entire people can rightfully be called SVT.Savva, the first Archbishop of Serbian. Racely, so called to the world of the future of the saint, was the youngest of the presence of the Great Town of Stephen Nemani. He was born around 1175 and with early years showed a special desire to a prayer feat. At the age of 17, he secretly left home on Athos with one Russian monk. In the Holy Mountain, he first launched in the Russian monastery of the Navy. Panteleimon, where he accepted the monastic stop with the name of Savva, and then continued his feats in the Greek Monastery Watopeda. With his humility and strict life of a young monk superior to many Afonovsky devotees.
In 1196, the Father of the Future Serbian St. Saint refused the throne in favor of his middle son Stephen. Shortly thereafter, he accepted the monastic stop with the name of Simeon in Studenetskoy the monastery. For the next year, Monk Simeon moved to his son on Athos and lived with him in one cell to his blissful death.
At the insistence of the breeds of Sava, over time, he accepted the management of a hijana inhabitant, which was restored by the generosities of his father. Soon tributes began in Serbia. Brother Savva Stefan appealed to him asking for help. At this time, their elder brother Vukan took part of the Serbian lands with Hungarians and declared himself a king. To achieve their conceived purposes, Vukan obeyed dad, and some rules of the Roman Church were adopted in his possessions. CV. Savva at the request of his brother postponed their father - St. Simeon Mymountile - in the student monastery and himself remained in her. Then he went with the sermon throughout the country, reconciled the brothers, and the world reigned in the Serbian lands.
In 1219, St. Sava found out from the Greek Emperor and Constantinople Patriarch for the Serbian Church the right to have its own carcraft archbishop. Konstantinople Patriarch Manuel has ordained St. San in San Archbishop and recognized independent Serbian archbishopia. By going to his homeland, the saint took up the arrangement of his church. He founded eight new diocesses, bishops in which he put their students - the devotees of Hiladar and the pupils. The priests were sent to different ends of the Serbian lands with the instructions to preach and commit church sacraments. The traditions and statutes of the Afonov Mountain, Monasteries of Malaya Asia and Palestine, were introduced into the life of Serbian monasteries.
After the construction of the Zhissky Monastery, the Archbishop Residence was postponed to it. The Liberty Cathedrals of the Serbian Church, which took part, all the bishops, igumens and many priests took part in Lieka. The famous stove monastery was founded, in the XIV century. who became the capital of Serbian patriarchs. A huge role was played by Sv. Svvava and in strengthening Serbian statehood. In 1221, in the girk for the Holiday of the Ascension of the Lord, Svt.Savva crowned his brother Stephen by the Royal Crown. The first Serbian king from now on subscribed as Stefan invented. During this event, Sawva uttered his famous famous gillant conversation about the Orthodox faith.
Already being Archbishop Savva twice visited the Holy Land - in 1229 and 1234. In his first journey in 1229, he acquired for the needs of Serbian monks and mantis monasteries Monasteries of St. George in Akona and St. Ioanna Theologian on Mount Zion. Before his second journey, he handed over the rule of the Serbian Church to his student to Arsenia. In the spring of 1234, he went to the Holy Land. Returning from his pilgrimage on January 14/27 1236 Great Serbian Saint moved to the Lord in the Bulgarian city of Tern. In 1237, his nephew cradle Vladislav postponed the body of Saint in Mileshevo monastery.
Saint Sava successors actively continued his work, having always before his eyes his image and covenants, they spoke and wrote that they were sitting on his throne. Because of the weak gestivity, it was unsafe, especially after the invasion of the Tatars (1242), and later - Bulgarian and Kumanov (1253). Therefore, SVT. Arseny Srempets suffered the department of Archbishopia from the Alliance in Peat, where among the picturesque surroundings, at the very entrance to the Rugovsky gorge built a church in the name of the SVV. Apostles. Archbishops, depending on the circumstances, were in the oven, then again in the girlfriend. Such a move continued until the end of the XIII century, when the residence of Serbian archbishops was not finally moved to the furnace.
Almost all Serbian Archbishops were pupils of Hilandar, who became the first highest Serbian school, which could only give the Byzantine culture of that time. Among them was a lot of talented church writers. It should be noted by the saints of Nicodemia (1317-1324), which wrote the second typics, and Daniel II (1324-1337), the Peru belongs to the "life of crawling and archbishops of Serbian".
After enslaving in the XIV century. Serbian lands Turks The stove patriarchs served as a unifying start for Serbs. Often, it was the Patriarchs that appealed to Christian to the rulers of Europe with a call to raise the weapon on the conquerors.
With the collapse of a single Serbian state on the lands that were once part of its composition, the life of the Orthodox Church had its own regional peculiarities.
Chernogorsk Principality until the second half of the XIV century. He was part of the Serbian state, but after the death of Stephen, the sushan Zeta disappeared from Serbia. In 1485, Prince Ivan Cherneevich suffered the Department of Metropolitan Zetsky to the main city of its ownership of Cetini. Despite the permanent military expeditions, the Turks could not fully conquer Montenegro. At the end of the XVII century, the Montenegrins chose their ruler and Metropolitan Daniel Petrovich Neshech and under his leadership won a number of glorious victories over the Turks. From this time, Chernogorsk Metropolitans managed the country, connecting civil and spiritual in their face. So continued until 1857.
Orthodox Serbs have long lived in the lands of those who came across the Austro-Hungarian possessions. Many Serbs fled to Austro-Hungary, fleeing the persecution of the Turks. Migrants founded new Orthodox dioceses that were dependent on the stove patriarch. With a relocation in 1690 in the Austrian possessions of the Patriarch of Arseny (Chernevich) with large quantity Serbs founded independent Serbian Metropolitan. The first Metropolitan was Arseny (Cherneevich). The Metropolitan Department arrived in different places, and in the 30s. XVIII century settled in the Srem Karlovtsy. In 1848, the Serbs with the consent of the Austrian government proclaimed his Metropolitan Patriarch, but later they were denied this title. The election of the Metropolitan and the discussion of important church and national affairs belonged to the Church-Folk Cathedral, which consisted of deputies from the clergy and the people. The cathedral was going once every three years with government permission. There were separate dioceses.
Dalmatia Serbs for a long time were under the rule of the Venice Republic. Orthodox did not receive the right to have their bishop and treated all church issues to Serbian bishops from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only after Dalmatia passed into the possession of the French, the Orthodox Episcopal Department was opened here in 1810. In 1815, in the decision of the Vienna Congress, Dalmatia passed under the power of Austria, and the Dalmatian diocese was subordinate to the Karlovaksky Metropolitan. The Bishop Department was originally in Sibenik, and from 1841. Moved to Zadar. In 1871 Another department was discovered in which. The task was a spiritual seminary. One of the bishops of Zadar was the master of Kiev, the Spiritual Academy Nicodemia Milash, whose capital labor "course of Orthodox-Church Law" is available in Russian translation. In 1873, both departments were subordinated to Bukovinsky Metropolitan.
During the First World War, SPC lost about a third of his clergy. In total, over 1,000 clergymen died and died. After the end of the war, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed, in the boundaries of which all parts of the Serbian Church were. Outside the borders of the new state (since 1929 - the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) there were only three diocesan centers: Temischoar (Romania), Budapest (Hungary) and Zadar (captured Italy), as well as scrums with surroundings (Albania) and Serbian church communities in Vienna, Trieste , Riek, America and Canada.
Representatives of all parts of the Serbian Church expressed a desire to unite. To unite, it was necessary to resolve the issue of the jurisdiction of the Dalmatian and Boko-Kotan dioceses belonging to the Bukovinsky-Dalmatian Metropolis and Serbian dioceses in Bosnia and Herzegovina, South and Old Serbia, who submitted to the Constantinople Patriarchate. The Special Committee was engaged in the union by the Union, which was called the "Central Bishop Cathedral of the Association of the Serbian Church". The chairman of this committee was the Metropolitan of Chernogorsky-Primorsky Mitrofan Ban.
Negotiations with Metropolitan Bukovinsko-Dalmatian Vladimir Recovery about the status of the Dalmatian and Boko-Katorovsky Diocese took place hard, but still after the adoption of relevant documents on December 20, 1919, they were attached to the Karlovaki Metropolis. On March 18, 1920, negotiations with the Constantinople Patriarchate successfully ended. Royal Decree of June 17, 1920 Regent Alexander Karageorgievich announced the decision of the Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church on the union. On the Day of the Cathedral of the Serbian Saints on September 12, 1920, a solemn proclamation of the association and restoration of the Serbian Patriarchate took place in the Srem Karlovtsy. The following dioceses were included in the restored Patriarchate: Belgrade, Banyaluksko-Bihach, Bach, Bitol, Bokokotko-Dubrovnitskaya, Budymskaya, Bellystsky-Debar, Vrshichskaya, Gornokarlovskaya, Dubro-Bosnian, Dalmatian-Istrian, Dorianskaya, Zhichskaya, Zaholmsko-Raskaya, Zaholm Greekovinskaya, Zvornitsko-Tuzlanskaya, Zletovsko-Strama, Nishskaya, Ohrid, Pakrach, Pechskoy, Rashko-proud, Skoplyanskaya, Sirmko-Karlovaki, Shabach, Temisian, Timok and Chernogorskaya-Primorskaya.
On September 28, 1920, the Bishop Cathedral elected the first Serbian Patriarch of the Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan Serbian Dimitri Pavlovich, but initially the government did not recognize this election, since the state has not yet been adopted by the relevant legislation. On October 23, 1920, the government adopted an "order to elect the first patriarch of the United Serbian Orthodox Church", according to which the Patriarch was to be elected by a special electoral cathedral of three candidates proposed in turn by the Sacred Bishops of the Cathedral. On the same day, a temporary "Order of the Serbian Patriarchate" was promulgated. After the adoption of these documents on November 12, 1920, Metropolitan Dimitri was once again elected the first Serbian Patriarch since the abolition of the Peat Patriarchate in 1766. The election of the Primate confirmed King Alexander. The solemn positional was held in the Cathedral of Belgrade, and the construction of the chores of the Patriarchs was held in 1924. On this occasion, the king Alexander handed the Patriarch precious Panagius, which subsequently passed from one leader to another.
The receiver of Patriarch Dimitri became the Sarajevsky Metropolitan of Varnaba, in his time, who lived and studied in Russia at one time. With it, a new Patriarchate building was erected in Belgrade. After the death of Patriarch Varnava, Metropolitan Chernogorsk Gabriel became the new defendant of the Serbian Church. The place of stay of the Serbian patriarchs were Belgrade and Srem Karlovtsy. The molding of the patriarchs occurred in the ancient storing monastery.
Heavy trials suffered the Serbian Orthodox Church during World War II. In 1941, immediately after the occupation of Yugoslavia, the Germans arrested the Serbian Patriarch Gabriel. Having passed through Sarajevo and Belgrade prison, the Primary of the Serbian Church, together with the Bishop, the Zhischi Nikolai was imparted to the concentration camp of Dachau. The Orthodox Church was experiencing great persecutions throughout the territory of the occupied Yugoslavia. The provision of the Serbian Church in the newly formed independent Croatian state (NDX) was especially difficult. So in the Srem of Diocese, 44 churches and the monastery were destroyed, 157 churches in the Slavonskaya 55 churches were destroyed to the ground, three manasters and 25 parish houses were ruined. In one of the Bosansky district of the Dalmatian diocese, 18 churches were destroyed and burned, many temples were desecrated, and the commission of worship became impossible.
The same position was also in other dioceses in the NDX territory. Hundreds orthodox priests were killed, sent to concentration camps and expelled from their native places with their many thousands. Often Orthodox Christians were forcibly paid to Catholicism. Hundreds of monasteries, churches and chapels were destroyed and looted. The fate of his church was divided into many archpastors. During World War II, the Serbian church lost nine bishops. From the hands of Croatian Troops killed Metropolitan Dobrobosnysky Peter (Zimonich), Bishop Banjaluk Platon (Jovanovich), Bishop Gornokarlovak Savva (Trolić), the German authorities were shot by the Bishop of Czech-Moravian Most (Pavlik). Metropolitan Zagrebsky Distane has undergone torture and bullying in prison prison, and after he was transported to Serbia, died from the received wounds. The same fate suffered the bishop of Zahumko-Hercegovinsky Nicholas. Many bishops were expelled or interned with the occupying authorities and were not able to bump their flock. Only nine bishops remained on their departments. In the absence of the Patriarch of Gabriel, the leadership of the Serbian Church was carried out by Metropolitan Skoplsky Joseph.
After the end of World War II, the Communists under the leadership of Joseph Broz Tito came to power in Yugoslavia, and the suffering of the Serbian Church did not stop. The authorities allowed the return of the Serbian Patriarch Gabriel to their homeland only in November 1946. Arriving on November 14 in Belgrade, the Patriarch immediately encountered numerous problems in organizing the normal life of the Church. Bishops and priests were arrested and imprisoned for a long time, many have come to prison without any trial and investigation. A large number of priests was killed. In the vicinity of Arangelovts was killed by Metropolitan Chernogorsky-Primorsky John. Bishop Bach Irina (Chiric) 17 months was kept under house arrest. Already after the removal of the arrest of Vladyka was very beaten and after severe illness died. Metropolitan Skoplsky Joseph 18 months was in imprisonment in the monasteries of the alie and love, after which he was seriously ill. Metropolitan Chernogorsk-Primorsky Arseny (Bradvarevich) and Vicar Bishop of the Kaviavansky Varnabas (Nastych) passed through a long-term conclusion.
The state rudely interfered with the life of the church: all were withdrawn metric booksA civil marriage was introduced, the teaching of the Law of God in schools was discontinued, the financial means on the content of the priests on parishes were transferred to the property of the Ministry of Labor. The priests were deprived of any social protection. An 70,000 hectares of the treated lands and forest land were taken on the Agricultural Reform Law, 1180 church buildings were nationalized. Torn away a large number of Episcopian residences. But still terrible was the destruction of monasteries and temples. In some places, local authorities prevented the clerics to exercise their ministry. In South Serbia, bishops were forbidden to return to their departments, and the priests for parishes, and therefore in these areas could not be established a normal church life for a long time.
At the bishop council held in 1948 it was decided to translate the Czech-Moravian Diocese of SPC under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church.
With the resumption of the normal work of spiritual educational institutions, the case was not easy. Public authorities did not allow a long time to start the work of theological schools under the pretext of the lack of necessary conditions. After the war, the Bogoslovsky Faculty of Belgrade University continued with great difficulties. The work of the promenade seminary was resumed only in 1947, and the Belgrade seminary of St. Savva in 1949 was no better deal with publishing activities. From 1949 ceased to be released Church calendar. "Bulletin of the Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate" during the war and in the first post-war time was irregularly, and from March 1, 1946 issued once a month. C 1946 began to be published a small pocket calendar. Since 1949, a newspaper was published for the parish clergy "Bulletin".
Patriarch Gabriel died on May 6, 1950. On July 2 of the same year, the name of the new Primate of the SPC Patriarch Victory (Production) was held, which belonged to the number of the most gifted hierarchs of the SPC. Despite the pressure from the authorities, he managed to avoid recognition of the self-proclaimed "Macedon Orthodox Church". The great merit of Patriarch Victory is that the clergy and persons working in the church received the right to social protection and medical care. Patriarch Vintiya is presented by merit in the restoration of fraternal relations with local Orthodox churches that weakened during the Second World War. Under Patriarch, Vienia was founded by the newspaper "Orthodox Missionary", which eventually became the most politically periodic publication of the SPC. From 1957, the Journal of theological Faculty of theology began to be published again. In 1958, the Journal of Orthodox Thought was founded, dedicated to theological literature and various issues of church life. On July 5, 1958, Godina Patriarch Vickstei suddenly died after the next meeting of the Holy Bishops' Synod. Two months after his death, on September 13, 1958, Bishop Golchi Herman (Jorich), who held the throne of Serbian patriarchs for more than thirty years, was chosen by the new Primary Church of Byp.
The Board of Patriarch Herman was restored and the construction of temples. A new building of theological faculty was built. One of the main merit of Patriarch Herman was discovered in 1964 by the seminary in the name of St. Arsenia in the Srem Karlovtsy. A biennial and five-year seminary was opened in the Krka Monastery (Dalmatia). The work of the monastery school in the shepherd resumed, and in 1967 the same school opened in the monastery of Ostrog. In early 1986, the theological faculty of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Libreville (USA) began its work. In the Theological Faculty in Belgrade, the theological institute opened with a two-year training course. The publishing activities of the SPC developed. Since 1965, a large church calendar began to be published again, and since 1967, the Novostlavl Serbian Patriarchate newsletter. It became printed by the children's edition of the "Svetomavsko Callor" ("Svyatoshavsky bell"). In 1968, the theological collection of "Thewoshoka Lady" began to leave ("Theological views"). Periodically by english language Reviewed by the "SRPSKA of the Orthodox Church of the CRKVA in pastness and gardens" ("SPC in the past and present"). During the Patriarch, German was founded by several new dioceses. At the same time, two splits happened to the SPC: in 1963, American, which was later overcome, and in 1967, the Macedonian, which is still ongoing.
In 1990, Patriarch Herman, due to the disease, was sent to peace. On December 1, 1990, the Bishop of Rashko-proud Paul was chosen by the new Primer of the Serbian Church. One of the first cases of the new Primate of the SPC on the entry into the patriarchal throne was the beginning of work on overcoming church split In America and Canada. As a result, the long-awaited canonical unity was restored in 1992.
At the same time, in many dioceses of the SPC, the revival and the revival of church life occurs, a significant number of new temples and other church objects were built. During the management of the Serbian Church, Patriarch Paul has made a large number of bishop chirotonium. Founded by several new dioceses. A number of spiritual renewed educational institutions. Despite difficulty, there is a gradual restoration of church life in the ruined war dioceses. A significant event is the continuing construction in Belgrade the largest in Europe orthodox church - Cathedral of Saint Sava.
Currently, the SPC has more than 3,500 parishes, 204 monastery, about 1,900 priests, 230 monks and 1000 nuns. The preparation of future clergy and legislers is carried out in six seminaries: in Belgrade, Sires, Karlovtsy, Niche (the prison seminary moved in 1999 in Nish), Cetini, in the Krka Monastery and Kraguevtsu. There are two theological faculties - in Belgrade and Libertville, as well as theological institute in the Theological Faculty in Belgrade and the Spiritual Academy in Srbinj. More than 1000 students are studying in seminary, and more than 1,000 students in theological faculties and academies. In addition to these educational institutions in 1993, the Serbian Church was founded in Belgrade Academy of Arts and Restoration with several departments - icon painting, fresco painting and restoration.
Serbian Orthodox Church
According to Konstantin Bagryanorovnoe, the first mass baptism of Serbs occurred under the Byzantine Emperor of Heraclia (610-641). The further spread of the Christianity of the Eastern Rite received among the Serbs in the 9th century, when in 869 at the request of Prince Muntymir, the Byzantine Emperor Vasily Macedonian sent to them the Greek priests. The final approval of Christianity in Serbs has largely contributed to the activities of the SVV. Cyril and Methodius. The influence of the mission of the enlighteners of Slavs was particularly intensified when their disciples, among whom were SVV. Clement and Naum, moved from Moravia to the Ohrid region (Macedonia). From the time SWV Cyril and Methodius in Serbian lands received broad circulation of the composition of the Byzantine authors translated into Slavic. First of all, it was various aiographic literature.
The greatest figure in the history of the Serbian Church and the entire Serbian people can be called Saint Savva. Racely, so called to the world of the future of the saint, was the younger of the love of the great Zafana Stephen Nemani. He was born around 1175 and from an early age showed a special desire to a prayer feat. When he was 17, he secretly left home to Athos with one Russian monk. On the Holy Mountain, he pretended first in the Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon, where he accepted the monastic stop with the name of Savva. Then he continued his feats in the watopet's Greek monastery. With his humility and strict life of a young monk superior to many Afonovsky devotees.
In 1196, the Father of the Future Serbian St. Saint refused the throne in favor of his middle son Stephen. Shortly thereafter, he accepted the monastic stop with the name of Simeon in Studenetskoy the monastery. The next year, the Monk Simeon moved to his son to Athos and lived with him in one Kelia to his blissful death.
At the insistence of the breeds of Sava, over time, he accepted the management of a hijana inhabitant, which was restored by the generosities of his father. Soon tributes began in Serbia. Brother Savva Stefan appealed to him with a request for help. At this time, their elder brother Vukan took part of the Serbian lands with Hungarians and declared himself a king. To achieve their conceived purposes, Vukan obeyed dad, and some rules of the Roman Church were adopted in his possessions. CV. Savva at the request of his brother postponed their father - St. Simeon Mymountile - in the student monastery and himself remained in her. Then he went with the sermon throughout the country, reconciled the brothers, and the world reigned in the Serbian lands.
In 1219, St. Sava found out from the Greek Emperor and Constantinople Patriarch for the Serbian Church the right to have its own carcraft archbishop. Konstantinople Patriarch Manuel has ordained St. San in San Archbishop and recognized independent Serbian archbishopia. By going to his homeland, the saint took up the arrangement of his church. He founded eight new diocesses, bishops in which he put their students - the devotees of Hiladar and the pupils. The priests were sent to different ends of the Serbian lands with the instructions to preach and commit church sacraments. The traditions and statutes of the Afonov Mountain, Monasteries of Malaya Asia and Palestine, were introduced into the life of Serbian monasteries.
After the construction of the Zhissky Monastery, the Archbishop Residence was postponed to it. In the girk gathering local cathedrals Serbian church, in which all bishops, igumens and many priests took part. The famous stove monastery was founded, in the XIV century. who became the capital of Serbian patriarchs. A huge role was played by Sv. Svvava and in strengthening Serbian statehood. In 1221, in the girk for the Holiday of the Ascension of the Lord, Svt.Savva crowned his brother Stephen by the Royal Crown. The first Serbian king from now on subscribed as Stefan invented. During this event, Sawva uttered his famous famous gillant conversation about the Orthodox faith.
Already being Archbishop Savva twice visited the Holy Land - in 1229 and 1234. In his first journey in 1229, he acquired for the needs of Serbian monks and mantis monasteries Monasteries of St. George in Akona and St. Ioanna Theologian on Mount Zion. Before his second journey, he handed over the rule of the Serbian Church to his student to Arsenia. In the spring of 1234, he went to the Holy Land. Returning from his pilgrimage on January 14, 1236 Great serbian saint Departed to the Lord in the Bulgarian city of Trene. In 1237, his nephew cradle Vladislav postponed the body of Saint in Mileshevo monastery.
Saint Sava successors actively continued his work, having always before his eyes his image and covenants, they spoke and wrote that they were sitting on his throne. Because of the weak gestivity, it was unsafe, especially after the invasion of the Tatars (1242), and later - Bulgarian and Kumanov (1253). Therefore, Archbishop of Arseny suffered the department of Archbishopia from the Alliance in Pene, where among the picturesque surroundings, the church in the name of the Holy Apostles was built in the rugovskaya gorge. Archbishops, depending on the circumstances, were in the oven, then again in the girlfriend. Such a move continued until the end of the XIII century, when the archbishop residence was not finally moved to the furnace.
Almost all Serbian Archbishops were pupils of Hilandar, who became the first highest Serbian school, which could only give the Byzantine culture of that time. Among them was a lot of talented church writers. It should be noted by the saints of Nicodemus (1317-1324), which wrote the second typic, and Daniel II (1324-1337), which belongs to the "life of crawling and archbishops of Serbian".
After enslaving in the XIV century. Serbian lands Turks The stove patriarchs served as a unifying start for Serbs. Often, it was the Patriarchs that appealed to Christian to the rulers of Europe with a call to raise the weapon on the conquerors.
With the collapse of a single Serbian state on the lands that were once part of its composition, the life of the Orthodox Church had its own regional peculiarities.
Chernogorsk Principality until the second half of the XIV century. He was part of the Serbian state, but after the death of Stephen, the sushan Zeta disappeared from Serbia. In 1485, Prince Ivan Cherneevich suffered the Department of Metropolitan Zetsky to the main city of its ownership of Cetini. Despite the permanent military expeditions, the Turks could not fully conquer Montenegro. At the end of the XVII century, the Montenegrins chose their ruler and Metropolitan Daniel Petrovich Neshech and under his leadership won a number of glorious victories over the Turks. From this time, Chernogorsk Metropolitans managed the country, connecting civil and spiritual in their face. So continued until 1857.
Orthodox Serbs have long lived in the lands of those who came across the Austro-Hungarian possessions. Many Serbs fled to Austro-Hungary, fleeing the persecution of the Turks. Migrants founded new Orthodox dioceses that were dependent on the stove patriarch. With a relocation in 1690 in the Austrian possessions of the Patriarch of Arseny (Chernivoch) with a large number of Serbs, an independent Serbian Metropoline was founded. The first Metropolitan was Arseny (Cherneevich). The Metropolitan Department arrived in different places, and in the 30s. XVIII century settled in the Srem Karlovtsy. In 1848, the Serbs with the consent of the Austrian government proclaimed his Metropolitan Patriarch, but later they were denied this title. The election of the Metropolitan and the discussion of important church and national affairs belonged to the Church-Folk Cathedral, which consisted of deputies from the clergy and the people. The cathedral was going once every three years with government permission. There were separate dioceses.
Dalmatia Serbs for a long time were under the rule of the Venice Republic. Orthodox did not receive the right to have their bishop and treated all church issues to Serbian bishops from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only after Dalmatia passed into the possession of the French, the Orthodox Episcopal Department was opened here in 1810. In 1815, in the decision of the Vienna Congress, Dalmatia passed under the power of Austria, and the Dalmatian diocese was subordinate to the Karlovaksky Metropolitan. The Bishop Department was originally in Sibenik, and from 1841. Moved to Zadar. In 1871 Another department was discovered in which. The task was a spiritual seminary. One of the bishops of Zadar was the Master of Kiev, the Spiritual Academy Nicodemia Milash, whose capital labor "course of Orthodox-Church Law" is available in Russian translation. In 1873, both departments were subordinated to Bukovinsky Metropolitan.
After the First World War, the Kingdom of Singer, Croats and Slovenians Yugoslavia was formed, which included Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Dalmatia. There was a real opportunity to unite the entire Orthodox population of these lands under one church authority. In May 1919, the Cathedral of Bishops of All Serbian Dioceses was held in Belgrade, at which the spiritual and administrative unity of the Serbian Church in Yugoslavia was proclaimed. The corresponding request was sent to the Constantinople Patriarch, who soon sent a Synodal Tomos about the recognition of the restoration of the Unified Serbian Patriarchate. The first Patriarch was elected outstanding Serbian Hierarch Metropolitan Dimitri. His successor was elected in 1930 by the Sarajevsky Metropolitan of Varnava, at one time lived and studied in Russia. With it, a new Patriarchate building was erected in Belgrade. After the death of Patriarch Varnava, Metropolitan Chernogorsk Gabriel became the new defendant of the Serbian Church. The place of stay of the Serbian patriarchs were Belgrade and Srem Karlovtsy. The molding of the patriarchs occurred in the ancient storing monastery.
Heavy trials suffered the Serbian Orthodox Church during World War II. In 1941, immediately after the occupation of Yugoslavia, the Germans arrested the Serbian Patriarch Gabriel. Having passed through Sarajevo and Belgrade prison, the Primary of the Serbian Church, together with the Bishop, the Zhischi Nikolai was imparted to the concentration camp of Dachau. The Orthodox Church was experiencing great persecutions throughout the territory of the occupied Yugoslavia. The provision of the Serbian Church in the newly formed independent Croatian state (NDX) was especially difficult. So in the Srem of Diocese, 44 churches and the monastery were destroyed, 157 churches in the Slavonskaya 55 churches were destroyed to the ground, three manasters and 25 parish houses were ruined. In one of the Bosansky district of the Dalmatian diocese, 18 churches were destroyed and burned, many temples were desecrated, and the commission of worship became impossible.
The providers of the Temple in honor of the Holy Marina in the city of Chachak (Serbia) is responsible for the television viewers. Transfer from St. Petersburg.
Father Vlad, you are the first guest from Serbia in our studio. Very glad to welcome you. First of all, I would like to know about the Serbian Church and its Orthodox people, what are they?
Thanks a lot for the invitation. For the first time in St. Petersburg. We really liked it here, first of all because the Serbian people love your church, your country, we generally feel brothers in you.
Serbian Orthodox Church is not so great as Russian. But, as our Russian Russian friend said: "You, Serbs, very small people, but you have a soul." The Serbian people have a very difficult story: we had a war with Turkey for several centuries, occupied by our land and destroyed our temples. But the Orthodox Church remained grace of the Lord and the Mother of God, so we were able to come here and bring the icon of Saint Odigitria, which is located in the Altar of the Church of the Ascension of the Lord of the Girl of the Golki Diocese, the Central Diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church. This temple was ruined by the Turks three times, and the mosque was arranged. We consider the icon of odigitria miraculous, because it has always been preserved in this temple, was found and renovated. Now she first left the temple to arrive in another country, and we are very pleased that it is Russia, because, as I said at the beginning, we love the Russian people and the Russian Church. Once again I want to say thanks to the Russian people, the Russian Church, the Russian Patriarch and Metropolitan Wronophy for the fact that they invited us. Our icon gives your people a blessing, and we get a blessing from your shrines.
Your icon is now in St. Petersburg at the Orthodox exhibition. And we invite residents of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region, everyone who can come, visit the winter Orthodox exhibition and bow the miraculous image of odigitria.
If we talk about the number of Orthodox Serbian Church, how big is it, and what is her relationship with the state?
In the Serbian Orthodox Church about seven million people. Among Serbs 90% of Orthodox. Orthodox Church B. last period It became very loved by the people who knew that without the Lord, the Virgin, without the Church, the state could not be good at all. Now we have a very good relationship with the state, we respect each other. We probably have the same problems as yours. Seven millions of Orthodox Serbs, but about 10% goes to the liturgy. Of course, it is too small, and you need to organize a big mission to preach the gospel better than now, and bring the church to each person with the help of the Internet and all other opportunities that our mission has.
As far as I understand, the traditions of the Russian and Serbian Orthodox Church are somewhat different. Could you tell us about these differences.
There are some differences. In your worship services, the choir sings, and we sing all people: the father serves, and the people answer. This tradition was based on the basis of the opinion that it was all together to serve on liturgy. The priest serves and brings gifts to the Lord, and the people serve, responding to "Lord, Pomemui", "Amen", sings the "Symbol of Faith" and "Our Father". You also sing people, I saw it, but your tradition of worship necessarily includes a choir. Your singing is very beautiful, and we have no such choirs, because there has always been a tradition of popular singing. We think that this is good, because liturgy should not be too dynamic, and it is not only a priest to serve as a liturgy, but all together, and all together should take the Lord.
- Do you come with everything who are in the temple?
Yes, now we have such a tradition that if a person wants to compete, he must fast. When the post is going, there are no problems, but when there is no post, then problems arise. In different dioceses, this happens in its own way. We have a diocese where Batyushki say that in front of the communion it is necessary to fast 5-7 days, you have no such. And you also have different traditions, but the confession is obligatory. Our confession is optional, although different traditions also exist in different dioceses. But in general, it is believed that during the preparation, a person must work, and after work, reflect on his life, and the post is obligatory. In our temple on the blessing of our bishop, we are involved in everyone who happens in the temple every Sunday and a holiday. They take holy secrets, because they understand that this is the life of the church. The church without communion is not spiritual life, but spiritual death. Therefore, it is very important that people were in the liturgy not only by the body, but also in spirit so that they not only stood prayed and baptized. If they are not communion, then all this has no goal.
Such a feeling that the Serbian people became particularly close to Russian after the death of Patriarch Paul. Now our Russian people are very interested in life, ministry holy Pavlo. Tell us a little about him, about your personal attitude towards it and in general about the attitude towards him of the whole church.
We feel that our whoathe His Holiness Patriarch, Blessed, as we call it, is already saint. We are so feeling and believing. He was an old man who left the example of Christian life to all of us. Although he was " small man"(Translated from the Greek" Paul) means "little man"), it was a great man. As I see, the Russian people generally love the Serbian church and loves our Patriarch Paul very much. In the monastery of the shell, his grave has a lot of admirers from Russia.
I do not know how familiar with the life of His Holiness Patriarch Paul. At first, he was a novice of the monastery of Wijan of our Zhischi diocese, here he had a lot and gave the Lord Vomet: "If I stay alive, I want to devote my life to the Lord, become a monk." And the Lord healed him. Here, the future His Holiness Patriarch made a small cross in the glory of the Lord and presented this monastery, where he was a novice. Then his obedience was held at the Racha Monastery, which you can learn about the exhibition dedicated to our Patriarch Paul and where great photos are presented from his life. The monastery of Racha is also in our gillary diocese. As I said, this is the largest and most significant diocese of the Serbian Church, it contains 25-30 monasteries. Here, Patriarch Paul adopted Monastic, Ierodiangovsky, and the Sacred San, and then he was elected a bishop of Raszko-proud. In 1991, he became Patriarch Serbian (after the death of Patriarch Herman). As it always happens, both in your church, and in all the local churches, the Patriarch is a big and wonderful person. Such were our Patriarchs Herman, Paul, and I think our current Patriarch Irina.
Traditions associated with the patriarch are different in Russia and Serbia. We say that the Patriarch of Moscow is a holding sovereign, and there is no such thing in our tradition. When Paul became a Patriarch, he remained a monk: he didn't go to the car at all, he walked on the diocese. He was big, but remained small.
This year, in Serbia, we made an exhibition dedicated to the century since the birth of His Holiness Patriarch Paul and five years since his rest. This exhibition is now running in St. Petersburg, and we are very glad to this opportunity, because we love our patriarch very much and feel that now he is here with us.
I remember that when I soaked Patriarch Paul, all Serbian students of our St. Petersburg Theological Academy wore mourning belts in memory of him. How do I understand, the Holy still was in the nation?
Yes, very, because it was very modest. Our people really love the identities of modest. If the monk or the priest is modest, it is very honored by people. But Patriarch Paul is the only one both as a person, and as a monk, and as a Patriarch: he was very wise, very modest and humble. What would be asked him, he always answered with such a wisdom that everyone was surprised and said that these were the Lord. When he died, he left a note so that we did not spend money on flowers, but would give them on children who do not have parents, and those who need help. This was his blessing. He died, but we know that he is holy, and that when the time comes, the Lord will arrange that the church recognize him with holy and introduced into the calendar. But now we do not even need it, because we feel it, and this is the most important thing. So there was an old man of Paisius Svyatogorets, whom the Orthodox Church loves, and the Lord glorifies.
Probably, viewers do not ask questions because they do not understand my Russian language.
Father Vlad, we perfectly understand your Russian language, and we are very pleased that it is possible to communicate with you directly, without a translator.
Please tell us a little about the life of the priest in Serbia. In Russia, every arrival in Russia is completely in self-sufficiency, and how is the parish life built?
Our parish life is very heavy, like yours, because the spirit of modernity is such that a person thinks that he does not need a church at all, God does not need. But when a person has problems, he says: "Lord, where are you and what are you?" Up to this, it does not come to church at all. I think that all the priest is hard, because we must give the answer to the Lord for each soul on our parish.
You have a different tradition: the priest serves in the temple, reads prayers. We have a priest should go home, ask what is needed if you need a prayer or sanctification of water, then invites you to come to church. I think that all our clergymen are very hard, but our call is serious, and the Lord on the prayers of all the saints that we blesses to the ministry, everyone loves and wants every person to be with him. And our consolation is that no person will be rejected by the Lord, because he looks at us as his children, and this is a big joy and consolation for priests who are responsible for the Lord for the people, coming and for the church, which is built Here on earth, and under which it is necessary to understand not only the temple, but the living church, which is formed from people.
- The viewer asks about St. Nicholas Serbian.
Saint Nikolai Serbsky is one of our famous XX century saints. At the beginning of the ministry, he was our gillant bishop and was very famous. Then she went to the second world War, the Germans occupied Serbia, he was kicked out, and he was forced to leave to America, where he was in the monastery of Saint Sava in Libertville. In Serbia, he was very loved, and the letters of St. Nicholas from prison and the consolation of the people at that time were very necessary and important for the Serbian people, who loved him very much. Saint Nicholas very much read in Serbia, this is our most famous saint after Savva Serbsky, who arranged the Serbian church itself and orthodox life In Serbia. We say that Saint Savva, Saint Nicholas and St. Justin (Popovich), also the XX century - This is the three holy Father of the Serbian Church, who are asked by the Lord mercy and blessings for us on Earth.
The relics of St. Nicholas Serbsky in 1991 were postponed from America to Serbia and laid in the Larich monastery near the city of Leieva. The church was canonized him in 2003, and his memory is celebrated on May 18th. A lot of people come on this day into the Laric Monastery, where the saint Nicholas prays and commits. There are a lot of Russian people coming to us, and we will send them to bow to the relics. In my opinion, many works of St. Nicholas are now published in Russian. Russian people can read his letters and sermons, all he wrote during his life.
Many are interested in how to build their pilgrimage route in Serbia and how our Orthodox pilgrims in Serbia prepare for communion in order not to violate the traditions.
It is impossible to break the tradition, because we have a blessing that the Russians come to our temple, they can follow their own tradition we know. When I was in Russia a few years ago, and wanted to come, then I was asked why I did not confess? To which I replied that a month was confessed or two ago. "How do you want to make sure without confession?" And when I replied that I didn't know about it, I was asked from where I. Having learned that I am Serb, they said "then it is clear, well, coming up." I did not want to violate your tradition, but I was told that since we have our own tradition, then I can freely come up. I also told my Russian friends: when they come to our temple, let them come in accordance with their tradition. This is happening with the Russians, and with our brothers from Greece.
Unfortunately, our pilgrimage service is not so seriously arranged as yours. You must do the way you are comfortable. We have a pilgrimage, information about it can be found on the Internet. Unfortunately, I definitely do not know which pilgrimage routes are offered there, but, of course, I invite you to our gillary diocese, located in Central Serbia, next to Belgrade. It has very famous temples and monasteries of the XII, XIV and XV centuries. Serbia is not so far away, so it is not so expensive. We have two or three months ago there was a priest from Moscow and a few of his friends, who I told that a wonderful and interesting one must be sure to look in Serbia. Although we I. small nateBut, as Russians say, we have a big soul. I invite everyone who can and wants to visit the monastery of the Studenian and the monastery of Zhić is two monasters built by the Holy Simeon by peaceful, the father of St. Savva. Together they built and the church of the Holy Ascension where miraculous icon Odigitria. It is also a very famous and old church of the XII century, built two years before the student, the brother of Simeon by a peaceful, prince stratimir.
We have 12 male and women's monasteries, built from the XII to the XIX century, all of them are located quite close, so our diocese can be examined in 7 days and worship the relics of St. Simeon, SVT. Simon Mona, Brother of St. Sava, and Saint Anastasia Serbian, Mother SVT. Savva. You can see the monastery of the gile, where the department of Archbishopia was located. There are still many parishes and monasteries that can be visited if you come to us.
- What time of year is to be more pleasant in Serbia?
Like you, in Serbia is good in May, June, and July is a hot month. It fell well in the second half of August and especially in September. When we were Yugoslavia, we had everything: and the mountains, and the sea, and now only Serbia.
Serbs - Orthodox people, but if you compare it with the Russian people, a fairly small one. As you feel now, when there are many modernist, liberal flows in Europe. Do you feel the persistence of the Serbian Orthodox Church?
Our people do not want to be European, but the state wants. We are a small people, and perhaps our state from fears for it, tries to do everything possible. But the Church of Christ has always been and will be, as the Gospel of Christ has always been, there will be. Just modernization that comes to us from another civilization, unfortunately, we like it, as good, that there is no good thing in it. But we hope that the Lord will not take care of everything bad from Europe and America, but only good. We want to live well, but should understand that without a church, without spiritual life, without the Lord, we do not need anything and is not possible. What do the money and modern achievements of Europe and America mean, if we do not have the Lord? Saint Nikolai Serbsky has always spoke that the civilization of Europe and America is not that they now have, but civilization is Christ, the Church of God, then everything will be.
- Let's recall the audience once again about the icon you brought.
We brought an icon Blessed Virgin Mary Odigitria, which is also called a dedication, because Chachak's city had once called Goldez. But in the XVII century, the Turks occupying him gave the city another name. I can not say for sure what the name Chachak means.
The temple where the icon is located, was ruined by the Turks three times, and the mosque was arranged. But in 1837, they finally left, and the temple became Orthodox again. The first temple to the Turkish occupation was dedicated to the Most Holy Virgin Radiak, but when Prince Milos learned that the Lord helped the Turks to leave here, he devoted to the temple to him in honor of the Ascension of Christ. Since here is this famous icon, the temple is also called the temple in honor of the Virgin Merchant. Icon is in the altar, so pilgrims cannot worship her, and for the first time she came out of the altar and from the temple. Three years ago, she was taken to the restoration, and then returned to the altar again. Now she first came to the blessing of the brotherly Russian people.
Baby Christ on this icon is smiling, and that's good. We have this means that the Lord will not leave us that he consoles us and we must come to the Lord, and to Mother of God, so that God blesses us in this life and would not leave us when we leave for him.
- How to find you in St. Petersburg, and to what date the exhibition will last?
The exhibition will last until December 29, it is located in the CCM, and we are located at the very beginning on the right side. Every hour we read the Akathist before the icon from 11 am and until 20 pm. Pieces of Alexander Nevsky Lavra are reading. I invite all our favorite Russian friends to meet us and get a blessing from Mother of God. I invite you to pray for our peoples and states. Here you can apply notes for remembrance in our temples and monasteries: Sortists, semi-annual and annual. You can buy souvenirs and gifts from Serbia, to get acquainted with our diocese.
I once again congratulate you on Holy Spiridon's holiday. The blessing of the Lord will be with you, with your beautiful land and the Russian church. God forbid that we are not the last time you came to you, and I invite all the TV viewers to us - to look at our temples, worship the shrines, learn to speak Serbian, and teach us Russian. Yes, I always love each other, Christ, Mother of God, all the saints and including Russian saints, whom the Serbian people lovers and the Saint Blagovers Alexander Nevsky, Holy Righteous John Kronstadsky, Holy Xenia, St. Matron, Moscow, rev. Seraphima Sarovsky and Sergius of Radonezhsky. You have a lot of saint, who we also love. Thanks again for the invitation. Congratulations on the holiday and your people, and your state. We are very grateful to your state, and the church for what you are doing. Merry Christmas!
Host: Mikhail Kudryavtsev
Decoding: Julia Podzoll
Serbian Orthodox Church (Serb. SRPSKA Orthodox CRKVA) - AvtoKefal Local Orthodox Church, having the 6th place in the Diptyja Autocephalous Local Churches of the Constantinople Patriarchate and 7th place in the Diptyjhe Moscow Patriarchate.
History [ | ]
The emergence of Orthodoxy in Serbia[ | ]
The first period of autochefalia XIII-XVIII century[ | ]
In 1219, with the consent of Nikesky (in Constantinople, then the Latin Empire was the Patriarch of Manuel I, the Serbian church headed the autocephalous archbishop. Manuel I has ordained St. Savva (Nemanich) in San Archbishop. Upon returning to the Motherland, the saint engaged in the arrangement of his church. He founded eight new diocesses, bishops in which he put their students - the devotees of Hiladar and the pupils. The priests were sent to different ends of the Serbian lands with the instructions to preach and commit church sacraments. The traditions and statutes of the Afonov Mountain, Monasteries of Malaya Asia and Palestine, were introduced into the life of Serbian monasteries.
After the construction of the Zhissky Monastery was completed, the Archbishop Residence was transferred to him. The Liberty Cathedrals of the Serbian Church, which took part, all the bishops, igumens and many priests took part in Lieka. Because of weak girlfriend, it was unsafe, especially after the invasion of the Tatars (1242), and later - Bulgarian and Kumanov (1253). Therefore, Archbishop of Arseny I (1233-1263) was transferred to the Department of Archbishopia from the Alliance in the Pechistic Monastery, founded by Saint Savoy. Archbishops, depending on the circumstances, were in the furnace, then again in the girlfriend. This movement continued until the end of the XIII century, when the archbishop residence was finally moved to the furnace.
At the Cathedral, convened by the King of Serbia by Stefan Dushan in Skopje in 1346, the Pechcoraulic archbishopia received the status of Patriarchate with the Patriarch Residence in the city of Pecs, from where she received the name of the chore, which was recognized by Constantinople in 1375.
Serbian church in Ottoman rule[ | ]
In 1459, after the fall of the Serbian state and the annexation of his land of the Ottoman Empire, Patriarchate was abolished. At the same time, he retained its independence from Constantinople and considered herself as the succession of the Peter Patriarchate.
Pechish patriarchy was restored in 1557 and again abolished in 1766. Church (that is, the Orthodox population) in Serbia was managed by fanariot bishops.
Turkish atrocities prompted a significant number of Serbs run to Austria. On the territory of the Habsburg monarchy was formed, led by Serbian Clearing, which in ideological and spiritual relationship since 1690 was associated with the Patriarchate in the Peche, but the political conditions, and above all conflicts between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire, led to the autonomous autocephalic position of the Serbian Orthodox Metropoline With the center in Sremski-Karlovtsi.
Karlovak Metropolitan operated in a stable state, where Roman-Catholicism dominated, inener in more than or less strong pressure in the direction of proselytism, expressed in the attempts to decline to the uniate. The chapters of the Karlovak Metropolis had spiritual power over the Serbs of the Hungarian Kingdom, Civil Court, the military border and over part of the Orthodox Romanian empires of the Habsburgs. In 1848, the Carlovak Metropoline was erected into the rank of Patriarchate. Since the 1870s, the Transylvanian and Bukovinsky Metropolis appeared widest autonomy.
Serbian Orthodox Church in Independent Serbia[ | ]
According to Serbia independence, in Belgrade, in January 1832, an autonomous Metropoline was established under the jurisdiction of Constantinople Patriarchate. With the establishment of internationally recognized state sovereignty and independence of Serbia (after the Berlin Congress), he received autochefali in 1879 recognized by the Constantinople Patriarchate.
Restored orthodox Church Soon it turned out to be subordinate to the state. In 1862, the Law on the Organizers of the Orthodox Faith was adopted in Serbia, which provided that members of the consistory were to be approved by the prince (as well as their office supports), bring to him an oath as civilian judges and comply with civil laws. In addition, the consistory was obliged to comply with national laws and received a salary as officials. In addition, this law limited the church and monasteries in the right of removal of real estate - for its sale, purchases, donations, the ministry's consent was required for renting. The law also limited the rights of the Bishop Cathedral, any important decision of which, now was to be approved by the Ministry of Enlightenment and Religious Affairs. Even chosen by the cathedral, the new archbishop could not be chirotonisan until the prince was approved. Once every three years, every bishop was supposed to go around his diocese and a trip report to send the bishops of the Cathedral, who passed it to the ministry.
In 1859, Belgrade Metropoline was headed by Metropolitan Mikhail (Jovanovich), shifted in 1881. In 1882, the control over the church was tightened - now Metropolitan was not chosen by the Council, but a special body, which included the Bishi Cathedral and representatives of the Civil authorities (Minister of Enlightenment and Religious Affairs, Chairmen of the State Council and the Court of Court, as well as five members of the misfortune). After the election, the Metropolitan was supposed to be approved in San King. The bishops began to receive a state salary of 10 thousand dinars per year. On March 20, 1883, despite the protests of a number of Serbian bishops, elections were held (without the participation of the bishops) of the Metropolitan, which Archimandrite became (1883-1889); Charotonia, with the permission of the emperor Franz Joseph, was made by Patriarch Karovitsky (1882-1888). Dissatisfied bishops were removed from posts, and their dioceses in 1886 were abolished by the king. With a change in the political situation (the renunciation of Milan's king from the throne) in the country, Metropolitan Feodosius in 1889 went on peace, and Metropolitan Michael was returned.
In 1890, a new law on the church authorities of the Eastern Orthodox Church was adopted, which proclaimed the Orthodoxy of the state religion of the country and recorded the division of Serbia to five dioceses. The bishop Cathedral again consisted of only the bishops, but the subordination of their royal power was maintained: for the trip, the Metropolitan or Bishop was required to be permission from the king, the bishop to Charotonia was supposed to be approved by the king, and after her appointed to the Diocese of the Royal Decree. The law of 1890 consolidated the election of Metropolitan by the Bishop Cathedral, but with the participation of government officials and with the statement of the king of the chosen candidate. The law also recorded the mandatory state salary to the bishops. This law with some changes acted until 1918.
Serbian Orthodox Church in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia[ | ]
On September 12, 1920, a solemn proclamation of the association and recovery of the Serbian Patriarchate took place on the Day of the Cathedral of the Serbian Saints in the Srem Karlovtsy. The following dioceses were included in the restored Patriarchate: Belgrade, Banyaluksko-Bihach, Bach, Bokokotsky-Dubrovnitskaya, Budymskaya, Bound-Debarskaya, Vrshichskaya, Gornokarlovskaya, Dubro-Bosnian, Dalmatian-Istrian, Dorianskaya, Zhichskaya, Zaholmsko-Raskaya, Zaholmsko-Wolvegovinskaya, Zvorinitsko-Tuzlanskaya, Zletovsko-Strumachskaya, Nishskaya, Pakrach, Pechskaya, Rashko-proud, Skoplyanskaya, Sirmsko-Karlovaki, Shabach, Temisian, Timokskaya and Chernogorskaya-Primorskaya.
The interwar period became the era of the heyday of Serbian Orthodoxy. The church was supported by the state. At this time, a large number of immigrants from Russia were in Yugoslavia, among which there was a considerable number of highly qualified scientists, military and representatives of the clergy. In 1920, the Bogoslovsky Faculty of Belgrade University was opened.
In 1929, the Serbian Orthodox Church was formally separated from the state, but at the same time remained under the control of the monarch: the king retained the right to approve the diocesan architev, and not only bishops, but also government officials participated in the Patriarch election.
The Serbian Orthodox Church in the interwar period resisted to the approach of Yugoslavia with the Vatican. A particularly tough struggle flashed around Concordat, concluded between the holy throne and the authorities of the country. The Serbian Patriarch Varnava in the Memorandum directed by him on December 3, 1936 was against this document, Prime Minister Yugoslavia Studinovich. This struggle was successful - October 9, 1937, Concordat was rejected by Senate.
Serbian Orthodox Church in the period of World War II[ | ]
German occupation of Yugoslavia and especially proclamation of puppet
Pilgrimage
June 01, 13 Tamara Zozlenko
Orthodox Serbia
"Being Serb means to be Orthodox!" - So the inhabitants of this Balkan country speak about themselves, as confirmed by life itself. This was convinced of the Ukrainian pilgrims, visiting the most famous shrines of Serbia.
View through the century
The Balkans have arisened by people. Already in 879, Serbs adopted Orthodoxy. At the end of the XII century. Serbia was freed from under the power of Byzantium and by the middle of the XIV century. Developed into a large power that covered almost the entire southwest part of the Balkan.
There were times when the country flourished, established in his power (the reign of Stephen Dushan, 1346-1355). Serbs enslaved the Turks, Bulgarians, Hungarians, etc. This land is plentifully by the blood of the ancestors, but the bad people managed to preserve the Orthodox faith to the present day.
At the entrance to Serbia, the first impressions of the pilgrims were very pleasant: everywhere purity and order, well-groomed lands. In the fields, hares will jump with whole broods. It is felt that people love their country, tremble and carefully belong to the animal and plant peace. For the local population, the main article of income is tourism.
When you pass along the highland canyons (the height is up to 1300 m above sea level), lays the ears from the pressure drop. We often had to see Otara sheep grazing in the mountains. As part of the pilgrimage trip, the Ukrainians tried Pechenaire (baked lamb) - national dish Serbs.
Saint Sava - Heavenly Patron of the Serbian People
The capital of Serbia is Belgrade, in which about 2 million people live. The city is drowning in the greenery of trees and shrubs, many colors. Impressive modern transport, in particular trams.
In Belgrade, pilgrims visited the Cathedral in the name of Archangel Michael (XVI century), and also visited the cathedral in the name of Saint Sava. The latter is located at the place of burning by the Turks of the relics of this devotee (there remained the imperishable hand).
The cathedral is majestically towers over Belgrade, it can be seen from anywhere in the city. It holds more than 10 thousand people; Choir - 800 singers. It began to be erected in 1894 and still did not finish: war, godless authorities, various tricks.
Saint Savva is considered the greatest person in the history of the country, the founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church. He was born in 1175, had a noble origin. From an early age, he showed a special diligence to a prayer feat, and at the age of 17, secretly left the house on Athos with one Russian monk.
On the Holy Mountain, he accepted the monastic stop with the name of Savva. He lived at the beginning of the Russian monastery of the Great Martyr Panteleimon, and then in the Greek monastery watoped. With his humility and the severity of the life of a young monk superior to many Afonovsky devotees. Over time, Sawva returned to Serbia, preached Orthodoxy throughout the country. Thanks to his efforts, the world reigned in the country. In 1219, he became the first archbishop Serbian. And now he is very reading in the Balkans.
In the capital, pilgrims visited the fortress of Calembal, where they admired the Beauty of the Danube. Once there was a Roman colony, and now two temples are towering: in the name of Paraskewra Serbian (the fogging of the XI century) and the Church of Ruzhice (1914). In the latter, there is a unique panicadello, made from cartridge sleeves. This suggests that residents often had to fight, defending their faith sometimes at the cost of their own life.
Pilgrims drunk water from the holy source of Paraskeva Serbian, put candles, prayed.
Continuing the journey through Belgrade, we saw high-altitude houses destroyed by NATO bombers in 1999. They were left without restoration, as silent monuments of the tragedy of the Serbian people. Then the aviation dropped 15 tons of shells with depleted uranium, which claimed the lives of more than two thousand people ...
Sister Maria
Serbs - hospitable and friendly people who honor their national culture and Orthodox faith. Pilgrims were convinced of this from the first minutes of staying on the Serbian land. People who stood in the temples behind the candle drawers, having heard the Ukrainian speech, were very attentive and respectful to us; Despite the language barrier, we understood each other.
The first night of the pilgrims spent in the Ravannits Monastery (erected in 1375-1377). The abode is in a picturesque place - at the foot of the mountain. Of the features of worship, the Serbs are famous for God in their native language.
In this small monastery, Serbka Maria fell us. In the evening, she went to the store several times for us for us, paid each attention, setting up for the night (the group had 18 people).
Early in the morning, Maria spent us on the road, gave everything you need for breakfast, etc. She was so warm and with love we took us that we could later forget her for a long time. True sister in Christ!
Residents and temples
The monastery of the student (XII century) is called the people of Tsarist Lavra. This is confirmed by the beauty of the natural landscape. Numerous pilgrims come here to worship intense relics Parents Savva Serbian - Rev. Anastasia and Rev. Simeon Mymountile.
The founder of the monastery of Zhić (XIII century) is Stefan invented, and the builder - Saint Sava. The temple in honor of the Ascension of the Lord was created in the image of the Zion Town in Jerusalem - the relevant Gospel events are depicted in bribing space.
In this monastery, they were crowned with the throne of the dealers, Charotonia was taken by Vladyk, there were the relics of saints, etc. It was now in the monastery there are 45 inlays, and he is the largest women's monastery of Serbia.
The land on which the abode is located is distinguished by fertility, hence the name: Zhich - "rich in life."
More than 7 million people live in Serbia, there are about 4,200 churches and 140 monasteries. The abode is small, but each has its own traditions.
Now this country is experiencing difficult times. Serbs find a support and consolation in the Orthodox faith, considering it a source of preserving their state.