The last wedding of the monarchs of Russia is the wedding of Nikolai II and Princess Victoria Alice Elena Louise Beatris Hessen-Darmstadt, baptized under the name Alexandra Fedorovna - took place on November 26 (November 14 at the old style) of 1894. Due to certain circumstances, it was not lush and gorgeous: after the wedding there were no balls and the newlyweds did not go to the traditional wedding journey. Everything was extremely modest, by the standards of such an event in the imperial house of Romanov.
Laurith Tuks Wedding Nicholas II and Alexandra Fedorovna, Studio Option 1895
In 1892, in his diary, the future Nicholas II recorded: " I dream someday marry Alix. I love her for a long time, but especially deep and bad since 1889, when she spent 6 weeks in St. Petersburg. All this time I did not believe my feeling, I did not believe that my cherished dream could come true ...". Dreams of dreams, and before the wedding and weddings also had the parents of Nicholas to settle so that they approved this marriage, and the bride itself to persuade, because she categorically did not want to change their religion.
Finally, April 8, 1894, the engagement of Nicholas and Alix took place. On October 20, 1894, Emperor Alexander III died in Livadia, on October 21, Aliks adopted Orthodoxy with the name Alexandra Fedorovna. The funeral of the late Alexander III passed in the Peter and Paul Cathedral on November 7 and the country plunged into mourning for a whole year. For the year postponed and wedding. But still decided to speed up the process and officially strengthen the situation of Alexandra in Russia. Chose the day, which according to religious rules gave some relaxation - November 14. It was the birthday of Empress Mary Fedorovna.
Repin I.E. Wedding Nicholas II and Great Princess Alexandra Fedorovna 1894
And so on November 14, 1894, finally held a long-awaited wedding. Wedding Nikolai and Alexandra passed in the Savior Savior Savior Winter Palace (Big Church of the Winter Palace). The temple had its shrines: the icon of the rescue of non-manual, golden crosses, paintings, particles of the throat crown, the rhyme of Christ, as well as the life-giving Tree. Also in it were unique things collected by emperors Russian state. It was a shrine presented by the Maltese Order of Pavli I shrine - the ark with part of the Lord's rhymes, Dandsni John the Baptist, the icon of the Phel Mother of God, which he wrote, according to the legend, the Apostle Luke itself, as well as a number of amazing icons from the collection of Romanovsky and the old Ostrog Gospel. On the this moment Services in the temple occur according to a special schedule, taking into account the museum status of the premises.
Gau E. Big Church of the Winter Palace 1874
Laurith Tuks Wedding Nicholas II and Alexandra Fedorovna in the Church of the Winter Palace 1895
Well, now the word writers, vividly telling about how wedding happened, and rather how the bride and groom looked at this ceremony.
Henri Truway "Nicholas II": "On the morning of November 14, Nikolay died in the Red Uniform of the Gusar Colonel with a gilded Galoon on his shoulder. On Alexandra, there was a white silk dress embroidered with silver flowers, and a gown from golden brocade, the cable of which was laid five chambers, and her head was crowned by the imperial diadem, decorated with diamonds. In this decoration, she shone fragile and clean beauty. High, with correct features, with direct elegant nose, gray-blue eyes, dreamy, with thick, dropped on the forehead with golden hair, the newlyweds performed gracefully and greatestly, but every moment he flooded with paint, just a child caught on the crime scene. Nicholas's blinded with love calls her "Sunny" - "Sunshine"."
Diamond Wedding Crown House Romanov
Greg King "Empress Alexander Fedorovna": "Her wedding dress was a great creation; The outfit was so confusing that it took almost an hour for Alexandra to put it on. Her stockings were from lace, shoes are decorated with an exquisite embroidery. The dress consisted of several skirts: a rigid lower and wide top, a special cut, opening another skirt of silver fabric with a flip of fur. A beautiful low neckline opened the neck and shoulders, and the dress with short sleeves had a palatine with mountainous edges. The bodice was bonded by diamonds, which were sparkled with each movement. Alexandra walked the Golden Imperial Mantle, bordered by the ermine. These clothes were so heavy that four people had to help her carry them. The bride's hair was combed back to emphasize her elegant neck and shoulders. On the side were attached curls. The head was Tiara in the form of Kokoshnik from the diamonds and the marriage crown of the house of Romanov. On the dress was a whole range of diamond brooches and chain of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrei First-Called, decorated precious stones. On the neck - thread of pearls. All these jewels and tiara were the wedding gifts of the late king, worth about 300 thousand rubles ($ 150,000). In addition, the bride had heavy diamond earrings, necklace and through the red ribbon dress of the Order of St. Catherine."
Canvas, oil. 65.5 x 87.5 cm.
State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Hall No. 196. Received in 1918, transferred from Anichkova Palace in Petrograd.
14 (26) November 1884 The emperor Nicholas II and the Grand Princess of Alexander Fedorovna (nee Princess Victoria Alisa Elena Louise Beatris Hesse-Darmstadtskaya) were crowned in the Savior Savior Savior in the Winter Palace.
The wedding day was appointed on the birthday of Empress Mary Fodorovna, on the eve of the Christmas post, which allowed the retreat from Mourning - Emperor Alexander III died on October 20 (November 1), 1894 "I think everything," Nikolai recorded in the diary on November 13, on the eve of the wedding, - What is the case about someone else's wedding - weird in such circumstances to think about your own marriage! "
"In the midst of deep grief, it was said in the imperial manifesto, marked on November 14," the hearts of our and all the faithful sons of Russia are performed, and there will be a bright messenger of people's love for a continuation of the mercy of God in the coming new reign. " Motivation looked quite seriously - the wedding is not the royal whim, but the urgent concern for the good of the state, the execution of the Holy Testament of the Honor Monarch.
The day of the celebration was celebrated at 8 am 21 cannon shoots. Salted from the courtyard on the Winter Palace at halfwarded the morning, members of His Holiness Synod and "Non-Certificate", members of the State Council, ministers accredited in Russia, foreign ambassadors with spouses, courtiers and faces of Sweets arrived. The ladies were in the Russian dress, Cavalers - in the parade form. The wedding of the Russian monarch arrived, or rather, they remained from the time of the funeral of Alexander III, numerous foreign relatives and members of the house of Romanov.
Wedding Pansně on the hands of the brachist put on the royal confessor Father John (Yanishev). After the marriage, the thanks to the members of His Holiness Synod led by the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg Palladium (Raev). When singing "to you, God, Pvwham" was given a cannon Salute in 301 shots.
Then, in a parade carrier with Foretors and Russian harness, the newlyweds proceeded to the Kazan Cathedral for worship miraculous icon Kazan Mother of God. Later, a wedding dinner was held in Anichkov Palace. From the winter to Anichkova, the Great Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, the commander-in-chief forces of the guard and St. Petersburg Military District, the troops were built.
The wedding was played without waiting for a forty-day mourning. The act did not have analogues in the imperial family, but it did not pay attention to this young sovereign. Even Alexander II, as soon as possible, to legitimize his relationship with a prince duty as soon as possible, was married only 40 days after the death of Empress Mary Alexandrovna. Of course, the second marriage of the king of the reformer and the wedding of his grandson to compare incorrectly, but after all, the questions of the court ethiquette Nikolai II frankly ignored.
The Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich in the emigrant memories wrote about the first days of their marriage: "The marriage of the young king took place less than a week after the funeral of Alexander III. Their honeymoon proceeded in the atmosphere of the Panichid and mourning visits. The most deliberable dramatization could not invent a more suitable prologue for the historical tragedy of the last Russian king. "
Repin Ilya Efimovich (1844-1930) "Wedding of Nicholas II and the Great Princess Alexandra Fedorovna". 1894
Canvas, oil. 98.5 × 125.5 cm.
State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.
Marriage Nikolai II and Alexandra Fedorovna call the Holy. The latest in the history of Russia, the emperor and the empress carried their feelings through all the trials and adversity.
5 years of waiting
Love for Alexander Fedorovna, and then the princesses of Hessian Alice was the first love of Nicholas II. The feeling was born in it even before the age of age - at the age of 16, and the future king saw his wife in Alice, which was even less - 12! Native princesses also called their baby Sunny, that is, the "sunshine", and Nikolai already thought about the wedding. "I dream of ever marrying Alix G. I love her for a long time, but especially deep and much since 1889, when she spent 6 weeks in St. Petersburg. All this time I did not believe my feeling, I did not believe that my cherished dream could come true, "Nikolai wrote in his diary. For five years, he waited for the will of God for this marriage, for five years I prayed humbly, asked "adults" and wrote a diary, on the first page of which his Alice's photo was. Later he will write her: "The Savior told us:" Everything you ask for God will give you God. " These words are infinitely to me the roads, because for five years I prayed by them, repeating them every night, begging him to alleviate Alix transition to the Orthodox faith and give me her wives. "
Water stone sharpens and breaks the dam of the parent "no". Five years later, lovers marry to be together until death.
Easy habits
Despite the height of the situation, above which there can be no, the emperor and the empress were quite simple life, trying not to indulge in frustration and raising children in rigor. They were convinced that everything is superfluous only corrupts that it is "from the evil." It is known that Nikolai preferred soup and porridge with refined French dishes, and instead of expensive wine could have ordinary Russian vodka. The emperor easily bought in the lake along with other men, without making something secret from his own person and his body.
And the behavior of Alexandra Fedorovna during the war is known to many - she graduated from the courses of the sisters of mercy and, together with his daughters he worked a nurse in the hospital. Evil languages \u200b\u200bthat matter was discussed: they said that such simplicity will reduce authority royal family, then that the Empress hates Russians and helps German soldiers. None of the queen in Russia has not yet been a medical sister. And the activities of Alexandra and her daughters in the hospital did not stop from early morning to late night.
A lot of evidence has been preserved that the king and the queen were extremely simple in circulation with soldiers, peasants, orphans in a word, with any person. The Queen inspired his children that everything is equal before God, and should not be proud of their position.
Caiders
The royal family is usually presented in a solemn atmosphere, in the performance of the duties of the country's leaders. But only it is impossible to live, and even more difficult in such conditions to save and strengthen the family. The emperor, the empress and their children can be represented by ... in a catering campaign. Passion for kayaks was Nicholas II since childhood, the first kayak parents presented Cesarevich at the age of 13. Many relatives of the future monarch knew about the love of the water, and Nikolai II often received a boat or kayak as a gift.
Alexandra, with her sick legs (forced her with early years Sent on time in a wheelchair), seeing the passion of the spouse, happily separated it. And although long-looking in cold water was contraindicated, she periodically made a company to her beloved husband. Memoirists, for example, mention its four-kilometer campaign on the Kayak on Finnish Schkers.
Charity
Workshops, schools, hospitals, prisons - Empress Alexander's Empress from the very first years of marriage was engaged. Her own state was small, and to carry out charity shares, she had to reduce personal expenses. During the hunger of 1898, Alexander gave 50 thousand rubles to fight him from his personal funds - this is the eighth of the annual income of the family.
Living in Crimea, the sovereign took a hot participation in the fate of tuberculous patients who came to be treated in the Crimea. She rebuilt the sanatorium by providing them with all the improvements - for their personal money.
They say, Empress Alexander was a born sister of mercy, and the wounded were happy when she visited them. Soldiers and officers often asked her to be with them during severe dressings and operations, saying that "not so scary" when the sovereign is near.
Houses of charity for fallen girls, household houses, school of folk art ...
"The August family was not limited to monetary help, but sacrificed both by their personal works," testifies in the Inok Seraphim (Kuznetsov) in his book. - How many people of the queen and daughters were embroidered church air, covers and other things sent by military, monastic and poor churches. I personally had to see these royal gifts And even in my distant desert abode. "
Laws of family mutual understanding
The diaries and letters of the royal family are becoming increasingly popular in Russia and over its borders. Young couples are looking in them recipes for preserving a strong and happy family. And, I must say, find. Here are some quotes:
"The meaning of marriage is to bring joy. Marriage is a divine rite. This is the most close and most holy bond on Earth. After making marriage, the main duties of her husband and wife are to live for each other, give life away for each other. Marriage is the connection of two halves into a single whole. Everyone until the end of his life is responsible for the happiness and higher benefit of the other. "
"The crown of love is silence."
"Great art is to live together, loving each other gently. This should begin with the parents themselves. Every house is similar to its creators. The sophisticated nature does and the house is sophisticated, a rough man and the house will make rude. "
Gifts to each other
Small and big gifts to each other were an important part of family life of Romanov. In one of his diaries, Empress Alexander writes: "Husband and wife must constantly provide each other signs of the most tender attention and love. Happiness of life is made up of some minutes, from small, quickly forgetting pleasures: from a kiss, smiles, good glance, heart compliment and countless small, but good thoughts and sincere feelings. Love also needs her daily bread. "
The notes of the Empress are not theory, but her daily life. She loved to do Nikolai and children surprises in the most different reasons, and Nikolai Valled and shared this tradition. Perhaps the most famous and traditional gift in their house were Faberge's eggs for Easter.
One of the most touching and beautiful eggs is "clutter." An image of the imperial crown was placed on his openwork rim, the date "1902" and the monogram of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna in the frame of the colors of clover. And inside - a precious four hundred and 4-portraits of royal daughters: Olga, Tatiana, Mary and Anastasia. This egg is the symbol of the happy marriage of Nicholas II and Alexandra Fedorovna, because four-leaf clover, which is so rarely found in nature - a promise of happiness. Yes, and the egg itself is symbolic: it is Easter, and the eternal birth, and the family, the universe, and faith in the appearance of the heir.
Honeymoon in length in 23 years
All families remember the bottom of her wedding, but Alix and Nikolai celebrated every year even ... his engagement is engaged. This day, April 8, they always spent together, and first separated when they were already forty. In April 1915, the emperor was on the front, but he received a warm letter from his beloved: "For the first time in 21 years, we spend this day not together, but as if I remember everything! My dear boy, what happiness and what love you gave me for all these years ... You know, I have kept the "princess dress" in which I was in the morning, and I put your favorite broach ... "After so many years life together The Empress confessed in letters that he kisses the pillow of Nicholas when he was not there, and Nikolai was still shy, like a young man if they met after a long separation.
No wonder there were other contemporaries with some envy: "Their honeymoon lasted 23 years ..."
On the day of the wedding, Alix recorded Nikolai in the diary: "When this life is over, we will meet again in another world and will remain together forever."
Love that ruined the empire
Alexandra - Nicholas, after twenty with more than family of family life:
"I'll torment without your kisses, without your hands. Only you, my shy in love, give me kisses and hugs that return life "
On December 14, 1894, the last royal marriage in the history of Russia took place.Three with a few weeks earlier than the beginning of the oath as the Russian emperor, the 26-year-old Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov was announced with the 22-year-old Great Princess Alexander Fedorovna, in the princess of Alice Victoria by Elena Brigitta Louise Beatrice Hessian, the daughter of Duke Hesse Darmstadt Louis IV and granddaughter British Queen Victoria. Alexander Alisa, in turn, three with a little weeks beforewedding accepted Orthodoxy.
Young Princess Alexandra of Hesse
Louis, The Grand Duke of Hesse Is Seated, Surrounded by His Family. His Wife Alice Stands Behind Him, Resting Her Left Arm on the Shoulder of Prince Ernest. Princess Elizabeth Stands Behind Her Father; Princess Alix Stands on the Left.
Queen Victoria and her relatives. Coburg, April 1894 next to the queen sits her daughter Wiki with his granddaughter Feo. Charlotte, mother Feo, stands to the right of the center, the third to the right of his uncle Prince Wales (he is in the White Kittel). To the left of Queen Victoria - her grandson Kaiser Wilhelm II, directly behind them - Tsearevich Nikolay Alexandrovich and his bride, the nee Alisa Hesse Darmstadt (six months later, they will become the Russian emperor and the empress).
The ceremony was modest and brief compared to traditional celebrations of this kind and rank. The emperor, accompanied by the younger brother, Grand Duke Mikhail, left Anichkova Palace at 11 o'clock and drove into winter past the space of the people who remained at his disposal to his disposal. In the Winter Palace, in front of the golden mirror, according to the many years of the tradition of marriage of the Great Princess, Alexander Fedorovna was having ladies from the imperial surname to the wedding outfit.
The widowing Empress Maria Fedorovna took off the diamond wedding crown and laid it on the head of Alexandra, already dressed in a silver brocade dress and chopped by the mountainous mantle.
Golden Wedding Dress Alexandra Fedorovna
Mantle to wedding alongside Alexandra Fedorovna
Diadem with a pink diamond of Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna, which was dressed up all the princesses and empresses during the wedding
After that, they went to the palace church, at the entrance to which Nikolai expects, who had a hussar form on this occasion, and Schafers - the Great Princes Sergey, Kirill, Mikhail and Georgy. At 12 o'clock 10 minutes began the rite of marriage. For about an hour of the day, Metropolitan marked Nikolai and Alexander.
Wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra Fedorovna, held on November 14, 1894 (fragment of the Tuxen painting)
I. Repin. Wedding Nicholas II.
Already in the Malachite Hall from the August family, the grandiose silver swan was presented. Then, according to the people of the St. Petersburg streets, they went to the Kazan Cathedral. The ceremony in Anichkov Palace ended, in the rest of the young, where Maria Fedorovna presented them with bread and salt. Neither the solemn admission, no honeymoon after the wedding was not.
Continuation of PANIKHIDA
Let me remind you that the wedding on November 14 was forced by the perceptual death of the father of Nicholas, Emperor Alexander III. Alice, or Alix, as they called it in the family, came to Livadia on emergency call Nikolai - In Sudono, the courtyard Minister forgot to even quit her a special train, relying on the etiquette of the Bride Zesarevich, and she was driving from Germany to Simferopol with a regular train, like an ordinary passenger, To manage to get a blessing from the dying king.
Panhid for Alexander III in his bedroom in the Small Palace in Livadia
Initially, the wedding was scheduled for the next spring, but took place before at the insistence of Nikolai, who needed in support of Alexandra in the context, when the burden of power fell on it, to accept which he was absolutely not ready. Nikolay wanted to play a wedding in Livadia, so that at least in space to separate the wedding ceremony from the funeral, but uncle, who had absolute influence on him insisted on the capital.
Alexander III body removal from the Small Palace in Livadia
The modesty of wedding celebrations was caused by mourning. It is also good that in a turn of mourning days I managed to find this one, November 14, - the birthday of Maria Fedorovna. According to this issue, the protocol provided for a brief weakening of mourning, which made it possible to arrange marriage. Alexandra herself wrote the sister in those days: "Our wedding seemed to me just a continuation of the Panhid with the difference that I put on a white dress instead of black." And when a short-lived wedding procession was driving in the St. Petersburg streets, only a week ago by dissected processing the funeral, superstitious old women, as the apocryon says, mumbled, peering into the young Empress and peeling: "She came to us after the coffin."
Takeout of the coffin with the body of Alexander III
Funeral Alexander III, 1894
And they were right. Much in the history of this family was contacted death and vain, but demanding all the moral forces of its members an attempt to overcome the evil rock. Starting from the long-awaited appearance on July 30, 1904, Alexey's heir, which had a sickness of the incurable blood illness.
And ending Krachom Russian Empire and last months The physical existence of this family, when the anointed of God and his loved ones became a toy in the hands of short-sighted Russian "temporary" politicians, brazening with each day of the councils and unimustal relatives from the Windsor Palace.
So bizarrely tough deck
It was the happiest marriage and the happiest family in the entire three-year history of the Romanovsky dynasty. Because the life of this family from the very first and the very last day, like the sun, was lit by love. With love, this union began and only love was moving, which is not always happening in the life of the August families. And what love - what is called, at first glance, when in 1884 they first met in St. Petersburg, where Aliks came to the wedding of his sister Ella, the future great princess Elizabeth Mikhailovna, with Uncle Nikolai, Great Prince Sergei Alexandrovich.
This love has overcome - starting with parental resistance. Alexander III and Maria Fedorovna did not want this marriage: they did not see sense in the marriage of the hessist of the Russian throne on a slight princess from the Earth of Hesse Darmstadt, and besides, both of them could have tolerate. They wanted to marry Nicholas first on the Princess Elena, the daughter of the applicant for the French throne of the count of Parisian, then on the princess Margarita Prussian. But Zesarevich showed absolutely not characteristic of him before, not after that, and insisted on his own.
Princess Elena Orleansk, daughter of the count of Paris
Landgravine Margaret Hesse-Kassel, nee princess Prussia.
Well, the will - in the sense of authority - he really was not inherent. But here's the desire to live in love, in the call of the hearts highly distinguished this nature, served in this case, and later in conflicts who demanded the personal courage and the presence of spirit, the replacement of the will.
And Alix was in this sense - as, however, in many others, - under the age. No less stubbornly than Nikolai, she struggled for the right to marry love, rejected, along with other, highly flattering proposal of Prince Alberta-Victor, the last Duke of Clarence, the older grandson of Queen Victoria in a straight men's line, next after his father, Duke of Wales, the applicant for the British throne.
Albert Victor, Prince of Great Britain, Duke Clarence and Evondale
He would have reigned on this throne, if not an early death, which allowed to become the king of his younger brother Georg, who, by the way, "inherited" and his wife Albert-Victor, the future Queen Mary. So there would be a deck as Koroviev said, differently, would be the princess Alisa Queen-Consort of the British Empire, would have lived a long and serene life and would die in his bed, and not in the basement of someone else's house in the distant Ural city, the bullets .
Ipatiev house
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Pavel Rygeko. In the house of Ipatiev after the execution of the royal family
But she could not stick in a different way, because Alix wanted to live in love. And when according to love - that the deck is touched so quiously that sometimes even Coroviev imagination is not enough to assume ...
Later, in a minute of revelation, she recognized the Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Dmitrievich Sazonov, which he could not imagine her daughters to marry not on love, but only in political, dynasty settlement. The farther fate for Olga, Tatiana, Mary and Anastasia she could not imagine. The abyss of life, alas, turned out to be the bottomless of her imagination.
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And not just love, but amazing, the pristine freshness of the feelings carried the couple of Romanov over all his life. The strength of the emotional start of this love is swaying from personal correspondence - Alexandra Fedorovna in Yekaterinburg found in Ekaterinburg, gently stored and cynically published by Bolsheviks of 630 letters. Compare one of the first love notes made by Alexander on the fields of Nikolaev Diary for the next after the first marriage night Morning:
"Never assumed that such a higher happiness in this life is possible, such a sense of unity of two mortals. I love you. In these three words, all my life "...
... and the letter sent by her Nicholas to the front in 1915:
"I thirst to hug you and put my head on your shoulder. I'll torment without your kisses, without your hands. Only you, my shy in love, give me kisses and hugs that return life. "
What love energy fills these lines written after twenty years of marriage! With a complete reason, Alexander had the right to exclaim in one of the letters:
"Oh, if our children were as happy in their family life!"
Fatherland them - Tsarskoe Village
There was no other royal couple in the history of the Russian Empire, which with such force would like to escape from the kingdom, from power, to the family, to clicter in his personal world by escaping him to the limit and extinguish from external life.
Summing up the first year of your reign, Nikolai wrote in the diary:
"... Up on God, I look forward to the coming year, because for me the worst, what I was afraid of all my life (the death of the father and climbing the throne) has already happened. Together with such an irreparable grief, the Lord awarded me also with happiness, about which I could not even dream. He gave me Alix. "
Coronation of Emperor Nicholas II Alexandrovich and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna
"Indirectable grief" of achievements and possessing the highest power left for Nikolai throughout his life, and he sought to wear him in a family circle, in the royal village, the privacy in which it was invented by the emperor and the empress as an alternative to the forever who remained someone else's Petersburg palace for them Life.
Throughout the reign, Nikolay consistently ran from state trouble and political intrigue under the Sen family love And to the warmth of the home of the hearth. And only the war for the first time thoroughly expelled him from this nest, aggravating and bringing an insoluble contradiction between the essence of Nikolai - the beloved of his wife, focused on the children of Father, Familyanin and Domashed - and the common Russian situation that required the leader of the nation of completely different properties and Qualities.
Moreover, I repeat, it was not on the Russian throne of the imperial couple, which to such an extent would have sought to clicter in his family world and to oppose it to the rest of the world, it was this absolutization of personal values, subjective sympathies and antipathy effect on the general fate of the Russian Empire, bringing Her to the collapse.
Russian Empress did not cease to be the same as before, the abyss of the highest light and just a crowded Alix, when she began to shoot and appoint ministers of the Russian government. She began to do this not because he suddenly believed in his state mind and purpose. Not at all. It is the understanding of the values \u200b\u200bof family life not just as the highest, but the only important life values \u200b\u200bled Alexander Fedorovna to the consequences of the idea that it should participate in the state affairs of his spouse so that it is to help him and serve as a support .
This thought, in turn, turned into conviction that she could, due to the need and replace Nikolay as a state leader, when he was unknown during the war, I must say, why did you mean the responsibilities of the commander-in-chief, removing them with much more competent In these matters of the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich, and drove out of the capital for a long time.
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Emperor Nicholas II in the bet
The last Russian emperor and the empress resisted the history and destiny itself, the whole world, opposing the degrading, destroying social matter, the ideal of his marital union, their family. It is crazy loneliness - very touching and dramatic, powered by human, and not by superhuman feelings and not conscious of its own exclusivity, - determined the opposition to the logic of state and national Interests The logic of personal relationships.
It was this that forced Nikolai and Alexander Fedorovna to the latter to defend the public opinion, from the Duma, from members of his own imperial name such odious figures, like Goreminkin, Sukhomlinov, Sturmer, Protopopov and, finally, standing for all of them Rasputin. In this sense, it is worth paying special attention to how Nikolai treated and Alexander to Rasputin - "Friend". And he is to them - "Dad" and "Mom", skillfully speculating on this Idèe Fixe - erected in the cult of family relations.
1908 year. Tsarist village. Rasputin with Empress, four children and a governess.
And in many ways it is this, and not an abstract "objective historical logic" led to an unprecedented, as wrote grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the final spectacle: Revolutions, unleashed from above, not below. Or, as Schulgin expressed later, to the situation, when the revolutionaries were not ready - the revolution was ready.
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In all, always, from the very beginning and until the very end of his twenty-one-year-old reign, they felt themselves opposing together the whole world - these are the most powerful governments of the most powerful world monarchy in their status. Some historians imputed this deformation of consciousness in the guilt of Alexander, attributing psychopathological features to her, for whom she could not get lost in secular and public Russian life.Others see the culprit in Nicolas, in its also pathological, in their opinion, shyness, fatalism, ne. mattered will, for which the burden of "Monomakh's caps" unexpectedly fell on and so unexpectedly.
But maybe this is a feeling of loneliness and confrontation to the whole world was the revolving side of their selfless love and devotion to each other? The revolving side of that colossal sense of responsibility for the family, which Nikolai experienced all his life and who fueled the constant circumstances of this life: coldly adopted by her parents, then by Petersburg society, and then the whole country wife-aliest, Alexey's disease, forcing her parents to focus on her all spiritual powers And go through, according to the expression I observed it all with our own eyes of the teacher of Tsarevich Pierre Pierre Gilira, real great way On Calvary ...
"Empress is a foreigner," said Nikolai in critical days February 1917, responding to attacks against Alexandra and the request to Rodzianko to send it from Petrograd to Livadia, - and, besides me, no one to protect. I have never left it under any circumstances ... "The culminating crisis of the Russian Empire hardly did not boost for him to protect his wife's honor.
First Decree - Last Decree
I will draw the attention of the reader into two documents - the first and last, signed by Nikolai as a Russian self-container. On November 10, 1894, he published his first imperial decree, proclaimed new faith, New title and the new name of the former princess Alice Hessian. March 2, 1917, at 3 o'clock 03 minutes, in Pskov, in the car of his train, he signed the final version of the renunciation of the throne, whose feature, shook the whole monarchical Russia, was that, unlike the initial project, Nikolay renounced not only from His name, but also on behalf of the Son and passed the power of the younger brother Mikhail. According to many, including the already mentioned Sazonov, one of the brightest minds in the Russian government, only the immediate entry into the throne of Cesarevich Alexei, on the side of which was the whole strength of the law, could stop the revolution and save the monarchy. While the renunciation in favor of the younger brother looked controversial even in the eyes of the defenders of the monarchy.
Tsarist family on the eve of the arrest and actually collapse of the Russian Empire. Anxiety, excitement, grief for the once a great country
Well, the separation of he managed to prevent: until the last breath, all of them, seven, remained together. In this, the tragic, but fulfilled the great meaning of the life of this was unprecedented by a friendly family, in which everyone, children and parents loved each other with some exhaust, sacrificial force and fleeting was experiencing as long-term separation.
Thus, two documents dictated by the interests of his family, the only people close to him, slate the activities of the last Russian monarch, symbolically emphasizing that it was more expensive than the interests of this family - it was more expensive in selfishly, but in a knightly, highly moral sense - nothing had nothing to do with Nikolai.
Text based on materials - "Top Secret", No.3 / 30
On November 27, a celebration in honor of the 120th anniversary of the historical event - the wedding of the emperor of the wedding of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II with the princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, the future Empress Alexander Perodorovna, will be held very modestly, will be held in honor of the 120th anniversary of the Communication with the situation with the situation - the death of the emperor, father Nicholas. This is reported by the Ekaterinburg Diocese.
The acquaintance of future spouses took place in 1883 in St. Petersburg, during the wedding ceremony of the senior sister Princess Darmstadt Alice Hessen. Alice was 12 years old, Tsarevich Nicholas 16. Their acquaintance continued on a children's ball. The girl with golden hair liked the Tsarevich so much that he asked his mother's brooches and presented her Alice. The next day the gift was returned - the princess decided that, having accepted a dear gift, she led themselves unworthy.
The next time Alice and Nikolai met five years later, when the 17-year-old Alice came to visit the sister. The sympathies of young people were mutual and so strong that it was not left unnoticed by relatives. However, the anti-grand mood of the parents of Cesarevich Nikolai did not leave hope for the possibility of the Union of the heir to the princess. Nevertheless, he took place - on November 14, 1894. Princess Hesse-Darmstadt took Orthodox faith, becoming in Orthodox baptism Alexander Fedorovna.
Right, I do not know how I wouldi caressed it all if God could not give me my wife and friends
The young were happy. And the courtyard and the Great Society led the unfriendly sense of the new Empress, pickyly disassemble every word, every gesture, criticizing the styles of her dresses and the reputable Berlin embroidery. Love Nikolai and Alexandra withstood everything - separation, rejection of relatives, the most dangerous son's disease, terrible historical events ...
More than 600 letters preserved transmitting the beauty of this love. From the letter Alexandra Nikolai: "I cry, like big child. I see your sad eyes, full caress. I send you my hottest wishes for tomorrow. For the first time in 21 years, we spend this day not together, but as I love everyone! My dear boy, what happiness and what love you gave me for all these years. "
A letter to Nikolai on December 31, 1915 Alexander: "Thank you very hot for your whole love. If only you knew how it supports me. The right, I do not know how I could stand it all if God could not give me my wife and friends. I seriously say it, sometimes it is difficult for me to push this truth, it is easier for me to express all this on paper - in silly shyness. "
These lines are written by people who lived in marriage 21 years. On the day of the twentieth anniversary of their wedding, Nikolai Second noted in the diary that God awarded him with rare family happiness. Historians say that their honeymoon lasted 23 years.
In the tragic night from July 16 to July 17, 1917, according to the testimony of executioners, the sovereign and the sovereign were the first to be killed. They did not see the execution of their children ...
On November 27, there will be memorable events in honor of the marriage of Emperor Nikolai II in honor of the wedding of Emperor Nikolai II with the Great Prince Alexander Fedorovna. At 10-00 in the blood church after the Divine Liturgy will be served by the Holy Royal Straighteners.